Cancer stem cells are relatively resistant to chemotherapy, and cause relapse of cancer. Thus, various strategies to eliminate cancer stem cells have recently been exploited. One of them is immunotherapy. To develop the immunotherapy targeting cancer stem cells, tumor antigens expressed in cancer stem cells have been identified, and their use in the immunotherapy is expected. However, cancer stem cells may have an immunosuppressive ability. Therefore, blockade of the immunosuppressive mechanisms of cancer stem cells may also be required for development of effective immunotherapies against cancer stem cells.
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