Background And Objective: Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis (HN). However, there is a paucity of high-level evidence supporting this practice. The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic evaluation to determine the value of CAP in reducing the rate of UTIs in this patient population.
Methods: Pertinent articles and abstracts from 4 electronic databases and gray literature, spanning publication dates between 1990 and 2010, were included. Eligibility criteria included studies of children <2 years old with antenatal HN, receiving either CAP or not, and reporting on development of UTIs, capturing information on voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) result and HN grade. Full-text screening and quality appraisal were conducted by 2 independent reviewers.
Results: Of 1681 citations, 21 were included in the final analysis (N = 3876 infants). Of these, 76% were of moderate or low quality. Pooled UTI rates in patients with low-grade HN were similar regardless of CAP status: 2.2% on prophylaxis versus 2.8% not receiving prophylaxis. In children with high-grade HN, patients receiving CAP had a significantly lower UTI rate versus those not receiving CAP (14.6% [95% confidence interval: 9.3-22.0] vs 28.9% [95% confidence interval: 24.6-33.6], P < .01). The estimated number needed to treat to prevent 1 UTI in patients with high-grade HN was 7.
Conclusions: This systematic review suggests value in offering CAP to infants with high-grade HN, however the impact of important variables (eg, gender, reflux, circumcision status) could not be assessed. The overall level of evidence of available data is unfortunately moderate to low.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1870 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Positive Intraoperative Bile Culture and Antibiotic Resistance Increase the Risk of Pancreatic Fistula in Patients After Pancreatoduodenectomy.
J Clin Med
January 2025
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
: A positive intraoperative bile culture (bacterobilia) is considered to be a risk factor for increased morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy. The aim of our study was to describe the frequency of bacterobilia with a special emphasis on antibiotic resistance and to analyze the association of these findings with postoperative complications, in particular with postoperative pancreatic fistula. : From a prospective database, patients with available intraoperative bile cultures (n = 95) were selected and analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevention and Management of Postoperative Infection After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Narrative Review.
J Clin Med
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3200 S Water St., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
: Postoperative infection following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare yet severe complication that can compromise patient outcomes, leading to prolonged recovery, graft failure, and knee dysfunction. Although infection rates are reported to be less than 2%, it remains essential to implement strategies to reduce infection risk and improve surgical outcomes. : This review explores current evidence on the prevention of infections in ACLR, emphasizing the importance of timely antibiotic prophylaxis and vancomycin presoaking of grafts, which has been associated with a substantial reduction in infection rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom Cure to Crisis: Understanding the Evolution of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Human Microbiota.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran.
The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the human microbiome has become a pressing global health crisis. While antibiotics have revolutionized medicine by significantly reducing mortality and enabling advanced medical interventions, their misuse and overuse have led to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Key resistance mechanisms include genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and biofilm formation, with the human microbiota acting as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotic Prophylaxis Prescribing Practices for Dental Implant Placement in Croatia: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
Antibiotics (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Prosthodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia.
: This study aimed to explore antibiotic prescribing practices for dental implant placement in Croatia. : We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including dentists in Croatia who perform dental implant therapy. The questionnaire assessed the dentists' age, working experience, education level, and whether they use antibiotics for dental implant placement, as well as the choice of antibiotics, timing, and reasons for antibiotics use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLogistic Stewardship: Supporting Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Based on Antibiotics Goods Flow.
Antibiotics (Basel)
January 2025
Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Haus 33, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Background/objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to safe health care, and a reduction in antibiotic consumption seems to be an appropriate preventive measure. In Germany, the reporting of hospital antibiotics consumption to an independent institution is only voluntary. Although a high level of willingness to improve can be assumed in the case of participation, the median consumptions of reporting hospitals change only slightly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!