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Micronutrient status and risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian tuberculosis case contacts.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
January 2025
Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
Background: Certain micronutrient levels have been associated with the risk of developing TB disease. We explored the possible association of selected at-risk micronutrient levels with the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNineteenth-century land use shapes the current occurrence of some plant species, but weakly affects the richness and total composition of Central European grasslands.
Landsc Ecol
January 2025
Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Context: Historical land use is thought to have influenced plant community diversity, composition and function through the local persistence of taxa that reflect ecological conditions of the past.
Objectives: We tested for the effects of historical land use on contemporary plant species richness, composition, and ecological preferences in the grassland vegetation of Central Europe.
Methods: We analyzed 6975 vegetation plots sampled between 1946 and 2021 in dry, mesic, and wet grasslands in the borderland between Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.
We investigate the enhanced terahertz generation in the organic crystal BNA when pumped by compressed high-energy ytterbium laser pulses. By compressing the pump pulses from 170 fs down to 43 fs using an argon-filled hollow-core fiber and chirped mirrors, the terahertz conversion efficiency is increased by 2.4 times, leading to the generation of multi-microjoule terahertz pulses with a frequency spectrum almost twice as wide, extending up to 19 THz.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of land conversion on environmental conditions and methane emissions from a tropical peatland.
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.
Tropical peatlands are significant sources of methane (CH₄), but their contribution to the global CH₄ budget remains poorly quantified due to the lack of long-term, continuous and high-frequency flux measurements. To address this gap, we measured net ecosystem CH exchange (NEE-CH) using eddy covariance technique throughout the conversion of a tropical peat swamp forest to an oil palm plantation. This encompassed the periods before, during and after conversion periods from 2014 to 2020, during which substantial environmental shifts were observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetically Predicted Gene Expression Effects on Changes in Red Blood Cell and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.
Genet Epidemiol
January 2025
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short- to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), delta-6 desaturase (FADS2), and elongase (ELOVL2) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers.
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