AI Article Synopsis
- Ovarian steroids like oestradiol and progesterone are essential for mammary growth during puberty and pregnancy by promoting the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs).
- Recent research indicates that while oestradiol contributes to mammary development, it negatively impacts milk production during late lactation, but its effect on MECs in this phase is not well understood.
- This study found that oestradiol significantly influences early apoptotic MECs, potentially speeding up their cell death through caspase activation, rather than affecting actively growing MECs, suggesting that this process could contribute to reduced milk production as lactation declines.
Article Abstract
Ovarian steroids, oestradiol and progesterone, are required for normal mammary growth at puberty and during pregnancy. They contribute to mammary parenchyma development by stimulating mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation. However several studies demonstrate that oestradiol negatively affects milk production during the declining phase of lactation, but the oestradiol effect on MEC in lactating mammary gland remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the differential effect of oestradiol on bovine MECs mimicking two physiological statuses: active and early apoptotic MECs. We demonstrated that oestradiol has a major effect on early apoptotic MECs and might accelerate MEC apoptosis by activation of caspases rather than by inducing apoptosis in active MECs. Early apoptotic MECs could be compared with senescent cells in the late-lactation mammary gland. These results suggest that the negative effect of oestradiol on milk production during the declining phase of lactation would be due to an enhancement of apoptotic processes in MECs.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022029912000714 | DOI Listing |
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