The second research design with higher quality of information, only after the clinical trial is the cohort, although it does not have the possibility of assigning the maneuver, it has the opportunity to follow subjects over time. Any research that tries to explain the phenomenon of causality runs the risk of bias, however, the characteristics of the cohort studies try to avoid them. Its main features are: 1. Be observational, where the researcher only measures the presence of the maneuver, characteristic that divides subjects into exposed and unexposed. 2. Be longitudinal, which provides the opportunity to track the subject through time documenting the temporal sequence of components ocurrence. 3. The directionality in measurements, generating what we know as prolective, retrolective and retro-prolective cohort studies; the former is the one with the highest quality as a result of the measurement of the variables in real time. 4. Be a comparative study.
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JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.
Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Importance: There is a clear benefit to body armor against firearms; however, it remains unclear how these vests may influence day-to-day patient encounters when worn by emergency medical services (EMS).
Objective: To determine the association of ballistic vests worn by EMS clinicians with workplace violence (WPV) and disparities in care among racial and/or ethnic minority patients.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective cohort study of a volunteer-based sample of EMS clinicians at a large, multistate EMS agency encompassing 15 ground sites across the Midwest from April 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Importance: Obesity, a chronic disease with escalating global prevalence, poses considerable health risks. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), including liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have demonstrated efficacy for weight loss in clinical trials. The paradigm shift in the approach to obesity management drugs (OMDs) may offer an opportunity to examine online search activity and prescription trends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging Clin Exp Res
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
Objective: The primary goal was to investigate whether the presence of preoperative lacunar infarcts (LACI) was associated with postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery.
Design: A prospective cohort study.
Setting And Participants: Patients aged ≥ 65 years from a tertiary level A hospital in China.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
Purpose: Advancements of deep learning in medical imaging are often constrained by the limited availability of large, annotated datasets, resulting in underperforming models when deployed under real-world conditions. This study investigated a generative artificial intelligence (AI) approach to create synthetic medical images taking the example of bone scintigraphy scans, to increase the data diversity of small-scale datasets for more effective model training and improved generalization.
Methods: We trained a generative model on Tc-bone scintigraphy scans from 9,170 patients in one center to generate high-quality and fully anonymized annotated scans of patients representing two distinct disease patterns: abnormal uptake indicative of (i) bone metastases and (ii) cardiac uptake indicative of cardiac amyloidosis.
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