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Holistic processing has been associated with perceptual expertise in different domains involving faces, cars, fingerprints, musical notes, English words, etc. Curiously Chinese characters are regarded as an exception, as indicated by reduced holistic processing found for experts with the Chinese writing system as compared with novices. We revisit the issue and examine one type of holistic processing, the obligatory attention to all parts of an object, using the composite paradigm from face perception literature. Chinese readers (experts) and non-Chinese readers (novices) matched the target halves of two characters while ignoring the irrelevant halves. We introduced differential response deadlines for experts and novices in order to match their performance level and to avoid ceiling performance for experts. Both experts and novices showed holistic processing, irrespective of the character structure (left-right or top-bottom) or presentation sequence (sequential or simultaneous matching). Experts' holistic processing also showed some sensitivity to the amount of experience with the characters, as it was larger for characters than noncharacters in some situations. Novices, however, did not show a systematic difference, suggesting that their effects were more related to their inefficient decomposition of a novel, complex pattern into parts. The current results, together with other recent findings of holistic processing for English words and musical notes, indicate that the development of holistic processing is not restricted to faces and objects. Instead it may be a general marker of expertise across a wider domain of visual discrimination than previously thought, including alphabetic and nonalphabetic writing systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.13.7 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Mil Health
December 2024
University of Oxford Social Sciences Division, Oxford, UK.
Defence has a significant interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies to address some of the challenges it faces. At the core of future military advantage will be the effective integration of humans and AI into human-machine teams (HMT) that leverages the capabilities of people and technologies to outperform adversaries. Realising the full potential of these technologies will depend on understanding the relative strengths of humans and machines, and how we design effective integration to optimise performance and resilience across all use cases and environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommunity Ment Health J
December 2024
University Hospital Virgen de Las Nieves, Av. de Las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain.
Recovery is a holistic approach to mental health care which focusses on the ability of people with mental disorders to achieve their goals and live full, meaningful lives despite their limitations. Recovery assessment tools are instruments that make it possible to measure the progress of people with mental disorders on their path to recovery. To explore, map and describe patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) found in the literature related to the recovery process in people with mental disorders (MDs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Geriatr Psychiatry
December 2024
Population Health Science Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Introduction: International guidelines make recommendations for the delivery of safe, high-quality primary care for people with dementia including prescribing, personalised care planning and regular holistic reviews. It is unclear how the quality and safety of this healthcare varies with socio-economic factors.
Objective: This scoping review aimed to understand the depth and breadth of existing evidence exploring socio-economic variation in the quality and safety of primary care for people with dementia.
J Relig Health
December 2024
CINTESIS@RISE, Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Porto, Portugal.
Caring for patients in intensive care units (ICUs) requires healthcare workers to recognize the importance of a spiritual care approach in these settings. Moving toward a holistic and patient-centered care model that incorporates spiritual care is essential for enhancing patients' healing process. The disease-centered approach of ICU and the perceived deficit of spiritual care highlight the need to add knowledge on integrating spiritual care interventions into daily ICU practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomicrofluidics
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
Platelet transfusion is a lifesaving therapy intended to prevent and treat bleeding. However, in addition to platelets, a typical unit also contains a large volume of supernatant that accumulates multiple pro-inflammatory contaminants, including residual leukocytes, microaggregates, microparticles, antibodies, and cytokines. Infusion of this supernatant is responsible for virtually all adverse reactions to platelet transfusions.
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