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BACKGROUND Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis is a commonly reported form of encephalitis that clinically manifests as skin lesions, fever, headache, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We present a case of a patient with VZV encephalitis complicated by cerebral hemorrhagic transformation, characterized by high levels of inflammation and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. The aim is to highlight the risk of hemorrhagic transformation associated with VZV encephalitis.

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Background: Necrotising fasciitis is a devastating infection characterised by rapidly progressing necrotising infection of the superficial fascia with secondary necrosis of the overlying skin.

Aims: To describe the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and outcome in a rare case of periorbital necrotising fasciitis caused by group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus.

Methods: A 60-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes presented with pyrexia and bilateral peri-orbital swelling, progressing to left periorbital necrotising fasciitis.

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Article Synopsis
  • Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy (AHLE) is a rare and severe neurological condition with unclear causes, high morbidity, and significant mortality rates, but a case of a surviving young girl demonstrates potential for recovery.
  • A 13-year-old girl, after being treated for an upper respiratory infection, exhibited symptoms like drowsiness and received various treatments, including antiviral medications and IV immunoglobulin, which ultimately led to a diagnosis of AHLE.
  • The report emphasizes the challenge of accurately diagnosing AHLE due to its similarity to other more common neurological diseases, highlighting the need for more research into this rare condition.
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Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 bloodstream infections utilizing a sample-to-answer platform.

J Clin Microbiol

September 2024

Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Northwell Health Laboratories, Lake Success, New York, USA.

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  • Bloodstream infections from HSV-1 and HSV-2 can have severe consequences, especially in newborns and immunocompromised individuals, highlighting the need for swift and accurate diagnostics.
  • Current diagnostics are limited due to a lack of FDA-approved tests for detecting HSV in blood, as well as uncertainty regarding the best sample type to use.
  • This study found that using serum samples for the modified Simplexa assay significantly outperforms whole blood in detecting HSV, demonstrating 100% positive agreement for detecting both HSV-1 and HSV-2, making serum a preferable option for rapid diagnosis.
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Neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) is a devastating infection impacting approximately 14,000 newborns globally each year. Infection is associated with high neurologic morbidity and mortality, making early intervention and treatment critical. Clinical outcomes of symptomatic nHSV infections are well-studied, but little is known about the frequency of, or outcomes following, sub-clinical or asymptomatic nHSV.

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