Although many of the biological features of microfold cells (M cells) have been known for many years, the molecular mechanisms of M-cell development and antigen recognition have remained unclear. Here, we report that Umod is a novel M-cell-specific gene, the translation products of which might contribute to the uptake function of M cells. Transcription factor Spi-B was also specifically expressed in M cells among non-hematopoietic lineages. Spi-B-deficient mice showed reduced expression of most, but not all, other M-cell-specific genes and M-cell surface markers. Whereas uptake of Salmonella Typhimurium via M cells was obviously reduced in Spi-B-deficient mice, the abundance of intratissue cohabiting bacteria was comparable between wild-type and Spi-B-deficient mice. These data indicate that there is a small M-cell population with developmental regulation that is Spi-B independent; however, Spi-B is probably a candidate master regulator of M-cell functional maturation and development by another pathway.
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Spi-B alleviates food allergy by securing mucosal barrier and immune tolerance in the intestine.
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Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- - Food allergies involve an immune response led by mast cells and specific antibodies (IgE), but the role of the transcription factor Spi-B in this process is not well understood.
- - Research found that mice lacking Spi-B were more prone to food allergies, showing severe symptoms like diarrhea and increased IgE levels, linked to more mast cells in their intestines.
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Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Electronic address:
Mast cells are important for eradication of intestinal nematodes; however, their precise mechanisms of action have remained elusive, especially in the early phase of infection. We found that Spi-B-deficient mice had increased numbers of mast cells and rapidly expelled the Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) nematode. This was accompanied by induction of interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and goblet cell hyperplasia.
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Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada;
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Although many of the biological features of microfold cells (M cells) have been known for many years, the molecular mechanisms of M-cell development and antigen recognition have remained unclear. Here, we report that Umod is a novel M-cell-specific gene, the translation products of which might contribute to the uptake function of M cells. Transcription factor Spi-B was also specifically expressed in M cells among non-hematopoietic lineages.
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Laboratory for Host Defense, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Kanagawa, Japan.
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