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Enlargement of the human prefrontal cortex and brain mentalizing network: anatomically homogenous cross-species brain transformation.
Brain Struct Funct
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
To achieve a better understanding of the evolution of the large brain in humans, a comparative analysis of species differences in the brains of extant primate species is crucial, as it allows direct comparisons of the brains. We developed a method to achieve anatomically precise region-to-region homologous brain transformations across species using computational neuroanatomy. Utilizing three-dimensional neuroimaging data from humans (Homo sapiens), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), along with the anatomical labels of their respective brains, we aimed to create a cross-species average template brain that preserves neuroanatomical correspondence across species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlanum Temporale Asymmetries in Primates: A Comparative Study in Great Apes and Monkeys.
Am J Biol Anthropol
January 2025
Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA.
Objectives: Most human brains exhibit left hemisphere asymmetry for planum temporale (PT) surface area and gray matter volume, which is interpreted as cerebral lateralization for language. Once considered a uniquely human feature, PT asymmetries have now been documented in chimpanzees and olive baboons. The goal of the current study was to further investigate the evolution of PT asymmetries in nonhuman primates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheoretical modeling of hepatitis C acute infection in liver-humanized mice support pre-clinical assessment of candidate viruses for controlled-human-infection studies.
Sci Rep
December 2024
The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
Designing and carrying out a controlled human infection (CHI) model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is critical for vaccine development. However, key considerations for a CHI model protocol include understanding of the earliest viral-host kinetic events during the acute phase and susceptibility of the viral isolate under consideration for use in the CHI model to antiviral treatment before any infections in human volunteers can take place. Humanized mouse models lack adaptive immune responses but provide a unique opportunity to obtain quantitative understanding of early HCV kinetics and develop mathematical models to further understand viral and innate immune response dynamics during acute HCV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular profiles of blood from numerous species that differ in sensitivity to acute inflammation.
Mol Med
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Vertebrates differ over 100,000-fold in responses to pro-inflammatory agonists such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), complicating use of animal models to study human sepsis or inflammatory disorders. We compared transcriptomes of resting and LPS-exposed blood from six LPS-sensitive species (rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, chimpanzee, human) and four LPS-resilient species (mice, rats, baboon, rhesus), as well as plasma proteomes and lipidomes. Unexpectedly, at baseline, sensitive species already had enhanced expression of LPS-responsive genes relative to resilient species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To validate the use of brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for detecting and monitoring cardiac dysfunction in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional (N = 175) and longitudinal (N = 76) BNP, echocardiogram, ECG, and pathology data from living and deceased captive chimpanzees to examine age and sex effects and to assess the usefulness of BNP for detecting cardiovascular disease and predicting mortality. The study period was from July 2010 through October 2024.
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