Pharmacogenomics discovery and implementation in genome-wide association studies era.

Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med

Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Published: June 2013

AI Article Synopsis

  • Clinical responses to treatments can greatly differ, with outcomes ranging from success to severe side effects, suggesting the need for personalized medicine.
  • Pharmacogenomics seeks to tailor drug prescriptions based on genetic factors influencing individual responses, utilizing advancements like genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to pinpoint genetic variations related to drug effects.
  • While challenges exist, the application of whole-genome approaches marks significant progress in understanding genetic influences on medication, paving the way for future research focusing on the intricate interactions between genetic and epigenetic factors.

Article Abstract

Clinical response to therapeutic treatments often varies among individual patients, ranging from beneficial effect to even fatal adverse reaction. Pharmacogenomics holds the promise of personalized medicine through elucidating genetic determinants responsible for pharmacological outcomes (e.g., cytotoxicities to anticancer drugs) and therefore guide the prescription decision prior to drug treatment. Besides traditional candidate gene-based approaches, technical advances have begun to allow application of whole-genome approaches to pharmacogenomic discovery. In particular, comprehensive understanding of human genetic variation provides the basis for applying GWAS (genome-wide association studies) in pharmacogenomic research to identify genomic loci associated with pharmacological phenotypes (e.g., individual dose requirement for warfarin). We therefore briefly reviewed the background for pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic research with statins and warfarin as examples for the GWAS discovery and their clinical implementation. In conclusion, with some challenges, whole-genome approaches such as GWAS have allowed unprecedented progress in identifying genetic variants associated with pharmacological phenotypes, as well as provided foundation for the next wave of pharmacogenomic discovery utilizing sequencing-based approaches. Furthermore, investigation of the complex interactions among genetic and epigenetic factors on the whole-genome scale will become the post-GWAS research focus for pharmacologic complex traits.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527666PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1199DOI Listing

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