The backscattering properties of small layered plates are studied for various size parameter values with respect to the plate thickness, plate aspect ratio, number of layers, incident direction, and polarization states of the incident light. The results are compared with the analytical results for semi-infinite plates. The phase functions and the corresponding backscattering efficiencies of the small plates are computed with the Discrete Dipole Approximation method. The angular width of the reflection peak is found to depend on both the size parameter and the aspect ratio. The criteria for using the reflectance of semi-infinite plates to approximate the backscattering efficiencies of finite size plates are quantified with respect to the number of layers, incident angle, and polarization state.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.025111 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
January 2025
Division of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box: 6091, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
The degree of sulfonation (DS) is a key property of sulfonated polymers, as it significantly influences their swelling behaviour, conductivity and mechanical properties. Accurately determining the DS is essential for optimizing these materials for various applications. In this work, the DS of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was evaluated using a combination of analytical techniques, including titration, back titration, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultra-Violet (UV) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopies, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNowadays, spaceborne LiDAR technology, particularly ICESat-2, has become a transformative tool in marine environmental research. Unlike traditional passive optical remote sensing methods, ICESat-2 offers detailed vertical structure mapping of oceanic optical properties. Despite the potential of ICESat-2 for observing the optical vertical structure, its application in the East China Sea with complex hydrological conditions and dynamic ecosystems remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNear-infrared enhanced silicon single-photon avalanche diodes (Si-SPADs) are widely used as detectors for 1064-nm aerosol lidars. However, Si-SPADs suffer from afterpulse miscounts. The superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) exhibits high QE and negligible rate of afterpulse miscounts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasonics
January 2025
School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 China.
Carbon steel and low alloy steel are pearlitic heat-resistant steels with a lamellar microstructure. There are good mechanical properties and are widely used in crucial components of high-temperature pressure. However, long-term service in high-temperature environments can easily lead to material degradation, including spheroidization, graphitization, and thermal aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
High-entropy materials, characterized by complex chemical compositions, are difficult to identify and describe structurally. These problems are encountered at the composition design stage when choosing an effective method for predicting the final phase structure of the alloy, which affects its functional properties. In this work, the effects of introducing oxide precipitates into the matrix of a high-entropy TiCoCrFeMn alloy to strengthen ceramic particles were studied.
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