Purpose: The specific aims of the AIEOP-TW-2003 protocol included prospectively investigating a possible association of tumor loss of heterozygosity with outcomes in children treated for Wilms tumor.
Materials And Methods: We analyzed 125 unilateral favorable histology Wilms tumors registered between 2003 and 2008 in the Italian cooperative protocol for microsatellite markers mapped to chromosomes 1p, 7p, 11q, 16q and 22q.
Results: The 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival probabilities were 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.93) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-1.0), respectively. Loss of heterozygosity at 1p was significantly associated with a worse disease-free survival (probability 0.67 for patients with and 0.92 for those without 1p loss of heterozygosity, p = 0.0009), as confirmed also by multivariate analysis adjusting for tumor stage and patient age at diagnosis. There was no difference in disease-free survival probability among children with loss of heterozygosity in the other chromosomal regions tested. The worse outlook for children older than 2 years at diagnosis did not seem to be influenced by the loss of heterozygosity patterns considered.
Conclusions: Chromosome 1p loss of heterozygosity seems to be a risk factor for nonanaplastic Wilms tumor, possibly regardless of other clinical factors. Our findings were uninformative regarding loss of heterozygosity in the other chromosomal regions tested.
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