HIV taxonomy, morphology, biophysical properties, and replication cycle as well as modes of HIV transmission in humans are described. State of the art laboratory diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, core clinical diagnostic criteria for AIDS, and AIDS treatment guidelines are summarized. Global HIV/AIDS epidemic and relevant prevention activities are discussed.
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Interaction study of the effects of environmental exposure and gene polymorphisms of inflammatory and immune-active factors on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respir Res
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Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human genome may influence the risk of developing COPD and the response to treatment. We assessed the effects of gene polymorphism of inflammatory and immune-active factors and gene-environment interaction on risk of COPD in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal, regional, and national incidence and mortality for enteric infections from 1990 to 2019.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
Background: Enteric infections are among the most common infectious diseases. The aim of this article was to track the global trends in morbidity and mortality from enteric infections in 204 countries or territories from 1990 to 2019.
Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.
Association between physical multimorbidity in middle adulthood and mortality: findings from two large cohort studies in Japan.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
Background: While previous literature suggests that multimorbidity is linked to a higher risk of mortality, evidence is scarce among individuals in middle adulthood. We aimed to examine the association between physical multimorbidity and all-cause mortality among individuals aged 40-64 years at baseline in Japan.
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Fertigation with alpha-tocopherol enhances morphological, physiological, and antioxidant responses in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under drought stress.
BMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Water scarcity is a foremost environmental concern and is expected to hasten in the forthcoming years due to severe fluctuations in weather patterns worldwide. The present work was designed to explore the potential role of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc), a form of vitamin E, on the morphological, physio-biochemical, and cellular antioxidant responses of two radish genotypes grown under drought conditions (38 ± 3% of field capacity). The individual and combined applications of α-Toc (100 ppm) were used as T0- Control, T1- Control + TF (TF-alpha-tocopherol), T2- Drought (D), and T3- D + TF with three replications.
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