Background And Purpose: Bimodal dose-response relationships have been demonstrated in animals and humans following morphine administration. We examined if systemic administration of morphine, in extremely low (μg) and high (mg, analgesic) doses, changed the learning process.
Experimental Approach: In the social learning test, an adult rat investigates a juvenile. The juvenile is submitted to a second encounter after a few days and investigation by the adult should be reduced. Morphine was administered before the first encounter between rats, and the critical test was performed 24, 72 or 168 h later, when animals were re-exposed to each other, in the absence of morphine.
Key Results: Low doses of morphine, comparable with endogenous brain concentrations, enhanced long-term memory recognition; while high doses did the reverse, indicating the adult failed to recognize the juvenile. Recognition of a familiar rat appeared to be mediated within the brain accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) by an opioid system intrinsic to the olfactory system through μ-opioid receptors (MORs). At this supraspinal site, the PLC/PKC signalling pathway was activated by extremely low morphine doses.
Conclusions And Implications: Morphine treatment administration may either disrupt or facilitate social memory, depending on the dose, extending to memory formation the bimodal effects of morphine previously shown in pain. Social memory formation elicited by extremely low morphine doses, was mediated within the AOB by an opioid system, intrinsic to the olfactory system through MORs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12060 | DOI Listing |
Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil
September 2024
Metacognition, the ability to monitor and regulate one's own cognitive processes, is subject to varying degrees of modification in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. The literature suggests the existence of dissociations within metacognitive abilities, with some patients exhibiting, for example, specific impairments in self-assessing their memory (and not other cognitive domains). The specific assessment of metacognition in patients' social-cognitive abilities is underdeveloped, although it has significant implications for both clinical and theoretical purposes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Neuropsychiatry
December 2024
IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.
Objective: To describe the relationship between executive functions (EF) and symptom's severity, behavioral problems, and adaptive functioning in autistic preschoolers.
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BMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England.
Background: An increasing number of older people are experiencing homelessness and memory problems, many of whom are supported in temporary hostel accommodation. This can be a challenge for hostel staff who may not have adequate training and support but who often support those with significant memory impairment in their day-to-day work. The study aimed to investigate the training and support that hostel staff require to meet the needs of older hostel residents experiencing memory and cognitive problems, and thus enhance hostel resident quality of life and well-being, considering what additional knowledge, skills, and support hostel staff need to achieve this.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Res Methods
January 2025
School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
There is a long history of experimental research on eyewitness identification, and this typically involves staging a crime for participants to witness and then testing their memory of the "culprit" by administering a lineup of mugshots. We created an Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database, which includes crime videos and mugshot images of 231 identities. We arranged the mugshots into 6-, 9-, and 12-member lineups, and then we tested the stimuli in an eyewitness experiment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Res Methods
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye.
Face memory is a crucial cognitive ability necessary for maintaining a healthy social life. Recent studies reveal large individual differences in face recognition ability. Face memory tests are used to evaluate this ability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!