AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate how fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is used in managing thyroid nodules in children and its relationship with thyroid cancer risk linked to autoimmune thyroiditis.
- A total of 111 pediatric patients were examined, with FNAB performed on 46 of them; results showed a majority had benign cases, while a small percentage were classified as suspicious or insufficient, and malignancy was only found in two cases during follow-up.
- Findings indicated FNAB is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring pediatric thyroid nodules, with certain risk factors (like family history and prior neck radiation) being associated with a higher risk of malignancy.
Article Abstract
Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of pediatric thyroid nodules and to analyze the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules by studying the association between autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 111 patients with thyroid nodules diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. FNAB was performed in 46 participants with thyroid nodules after ultrasonography (US). Cytology diagnoses were categorized as insufficient, benign, suspicious, and malignant. Clinical and surgical follow-up data were obtained from medical records. The clinical correlation and accuracy of FNABs were evaluated.
Results: The family history was positive in four patients. Forty-six patients had positive antithyroid antibodies and an inhomogeneous hypoechogenic US pattern. One patient had previous neck irradiation history. Eighty-six patients (%77.5) were euthyroid. All patients underwent US examination. The FNAB results of the 46 patients were 29 (63%) benign cases, 7 (15%) insufficient, and 10 (22%) suspicious patients. Malignancy was not reported at all. A repetition of FNAB in two benign cases, which were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma during followup, reported these cases as suspicious. Ten patients with suspicious FNAB results underwent surgery because of increases in the size of the nodules; two patients were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma. In this study, the prevalence of malignancy was 4.5% in patients with thyroid nodules.
Conclusion: In this study, the importance of FNAB in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules in childhood has been observed, and risk factors, such as history of familial thyroid carcinoma, radiotherapy to the neck at younger ages, suspicious cytological findings, and increased nodular sizes during follow-up in cases with Hashimoto thyroiditis have been correlated with increased thyroid carcinoma malignancy risk.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0132 | DOI Listing |
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