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Sequential recognition of invading microbes and rapid induction of plant immune responses comprise at least two recognition systems. Early basal defenses are initiated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in the plasma membrane. Pathogens produce effectors to suppress defense but plants, in turn, can sense such effectors by dominant plant resistance (R) gene products. Plant PRR and R proteins modulate signaling networks for defense responses that rely on rapid production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research has shown that nitric oxide (NO) mainly mediates biological function through chemical reactions between locally controlled accumulation of RNS and proteins leading to potential alteration of protein function. Many proteins specifically regulated by NO and participating in signaling during plant defense response have been identified, highlighting the physiological relevance of these modifications in plant immunity. ROS function independently or in cooperation with NO during defense, modulating the RNS signaling functions through the entire process. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about regulatory mechanisms for NO burst and signaling, and crosstalk with ROS in response to pathogen attack.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-12-0214-CR | DOI Listing |
Plant Mol Biol
March 2025
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) is a crucial regulatory layer of gene expression in eukaryotes. AS patterns can change in response to abiotic and biotic stress, allowing cellular functions to adapt to environmental conditions. Here, we examined the effects of cellular stress-inducing chemicals on AS-mediated gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana by investigating the alternatively spliced forms of SERINE-ARGININE PROTEIN30 (SRp30) and U1-70 K, encoding splicing factors, as well as ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE3 (APX3) and FOLYLPOLYGLUTAMATE SYNTHASE3 (FPGS3), encoding enzymes important for stress responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
March 2025
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India. Electronic address:
Several recent literature reports indicate the strong neuroprotective potential of synthetic heterosteroids, still search for potent, safer and effective neuroprotective steroidal molecules continues. In the current study, a new series of 17-oximino-16-substituted steroids (1-8) has been evaluated in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease in mice and amyloid-β induced Alzheimer's disease in rats with an intention to discover an effective and efficient neuroprotective molecule. Behavioural studies followed by histopathological and estimation of the several neuroinflammatory biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxide, reactive oxygen, and nitric oxide species were carried out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitric Oxide
March 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine section of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address:
Poor vascular function and reduced nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability have been recognized to be involved in aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A non-pharmacological treatment that is gaining clinical interest in the context of vascular function is dietary inorganic nitrate () supplementation which increases NO-bioavailability through the -nitrite () - NO pathway. This treatment has been demonstrated to improve vascular function in several clinical populations, but no study has investigated the effects in individuals with AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
March 2025
School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China. Electronic address:
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge due to its high mortality rates and the limitations of conventional therapies, which are often associated with severe side effects and limited efficacy. Calcium (Ca) overload therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for inducing tumor cell apoptosis. However, existing methods that rely on direct Ca delivery often face limited efficacy due to tumor adaptation mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJACC Adv
March 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, National Clinical Key Cardiovascular Specialty, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates associations between ambient air pollution and Kawasaki disease (KD), but the results remain inconsistent.
Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on the effects of ambient air pollutants on KD.
Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to January 18, 2025 for studies investigating the effects of ambient air pollution on KD.
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