Identification of discrete states is a common task when studying biological systems on microscopic scales. Here, we present a novel step detection algorithm that is ideally suited to locate steplike features separating adjacent plateaus, even if they are smooth and hidden by noise. It can be adjusted to detect very low or narrow steps that cannot be recognized by conventional methods. We demonstrate the applicability of the technique on various experimental data and show strong evidence of sub-10-pN steps in atomic force spectroscopy measurements performed with living lymphocytes.
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http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0045896 | PLOS |
PLoS One
January 2025
Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Opioid dependence is defined by an aversive withdrawal syndrome upon drug cessation that can motivate continued drug-taking, development of opioid use disorder, and precipitate relapse. An understudied but common opioid withdrawal symptom is disrupted sleep, reported as both insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Despite the prevalence and severity of sleep disturbances during opioid withdrawal, there is a gap in our understanding of their interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNicotine Tob Res
January 2025
Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pursuit of a low nicotine standard for cigarettes raises concerns that a focus on cigarettes may encourage people to use other combusted tobacco products, undermining the policy's effectiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiostat Epidemiol
October 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, US.
Wearable devices enable the continuous monitoring of physical activity (PA) but generate complex functional data with poorly characterized errors. Most work on functional data views the data as smooth, latent curves obtained at discrete time intervals with some random noise with mean zero and constant variance. Viewing this noise as homoscedastic and independent ignores potential serial correlations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
January 2025
Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
We introduce mutations in the process of discrete iterations of complex quadratic maps in the family fc(z)=z2+c. More specifically, we consider a "correct" function fc1 acting on the complex plane. A "mutation" fc0 is a different ("erroneous") map acting on a locus of given radius r around a mutation focal point ξ∗.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Orthop Surg
January 2025
From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Scott, Blackburn, Prasad, Lim, Lavoie-Gagne, Melnic, and Bedair), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA (Scott, Blackburn, Prasad, Lim, Melnic, and Bedair).
Background: Although Vancouver B2 periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) have been historically managed with revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA), open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has been proposed as an alternative option for reasons including lower cost and surgical time. The purpose of this study was to, therefore, create a Markov model to assess the cost effectiveness of ORIF versus rTHA for Vancouver B2 periprosthetic femur fractures and evaluate various inflection points for varying costs and outcome measures.
Methods: A Markov model was built using discrete and mutually exclusive health states of the hypothetical patient with Vancouver B2 PPF.
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