Background: Adult smoking has its roots in adolescence. If individuals do not initiate smoking during this period it is unlikely they ever will. In high income countries, smoking rates among Indigenous youth are disproportionately high. However, despite a wealth of literature in other populations, there is less evidence on the determinants of smoking initiation among Indigenous youth. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of smoking among Australian Indigenous young people with a particular emphasis on the social and cultural processes that underlie tobacco use patterns among this group.
Methods: This project was undertaken in northern Australia. We undertook group interviews with 65 participants and individual in-depth interviews with 11 youth aged 13-20 years led by trained youth 'peer researchers.' We also used visual methods (photo-elicitation) with individual interviewees to investigate the social context in which young people do or do not smoke. Included in the sample were a smaller number of non-Indigenous youth to explore any significant differences between ethnic groups in determinants of early smoking experiences. The theory of triadic influence, an ecological model of health behaviour, was used as an organising theory for analysis.
Results: Family and peer influences play a central role in smoking uptake among Indigenous youth. Social influences to smoke are similar between Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth but are more pervasive (especially in the family domain) among Indigenous youth. While Indigenous youth report high levels of exposure to smoking role models and smoking socialisation practices among their family and social networks, this study provides some indication of a progressive denormalisation of smoking among some Indigenous youth.
Conclusions: Future initiatives aimed at preventing smoking uptake in this population need to focus on changing social normative beliefs around smoking, both at a population level and within young peoples' immediate social environment. Such interventions could be effectively delivered in both the school and family environments. Specifically, health practitioners in contact with Indigenous families should be promoting smoke free homes and other anti-smoking socialisation behaviours.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-963 | DOI Listing |
BMC Oral Health
January 2025
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Chile, Las Condes, Chile.
Introduction: Certain aspects of indigenous communities, such as cultural practices and access to care, have been discussed as potential determinants of oral health. However, research on this topic remains limited. Understanding the factors influencing oral health and their perceptions is crucial for developing culturally appropriate interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGratitude is associated with increased social integration, which may counter the loneliness stemming from repeated peer victimization. The gratitude youth feel after different types of bystander action may depend on which behaviors are most congruent with personal beliefs. Face and honor cultures provide social norms for expectations and interpretations of behavior, including how to act during and after interpersonal conflict.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
January 2025
Health Equity Policy Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Purpose: Rising concern surrounds youth mental health in Canada, with growing disparities between females and males. However, less is known about recent trends by other sociodemographic factors, including sexual orientation, ethnocultural background, and socioeconomic status.
Methods: This study analyzed data from 96 683 youths aged 15-24 who participated in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) between 2007 and 2022.
Epidemiol Serv Saude
January 2025
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Objective: To identify social vulnerability profiles of transgender people who have experienced intimate partner violence in Brazil and to assess the association with recurrent violence and referrals to support services.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of reported cases of violence against transgender people in Brazil (2015-2021) utilizing data from SINAN/DATASUS. Sociodemographic profiles were defined using two-step cluster analysis and associations estimated by means of binary logistic regression, with odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).
Rev Panam Salud Publica
January 2025
School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Objectives: To describe and analyze a community participation process to develop recommendations for adequate communication of mental health risks among the Wayuú people of Colombia.
Methods: This qualitative study conducted focus groups in the Indigenous cities of Albania and Uribia, Colombia, from January to June 2024, to assess perspectives on mental health risk communication. Participants were adults (>18 years) residing in two municipalities in La Guajira (Uribia and Albania [the Indigenous capital of Colombia]) and included youth group leaders, Indigenous representatives, migrant population representatives, and representatives of official institutions in the region.
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