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Temperature alters reproductive life history patterns in Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a lethal pathogen associated with the global loss of amphibians. | LitMetric

Temperature alters reproductive life history patterns in Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a lethal pathogen associated with the global loss of amphibians.

Ecol Evol

Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California- Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-3144, USA ; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Amphibian Disease Ecology Group, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.

Published: September 2012

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study focuses on the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and its responses to different environmental temperatures.
  • Researchers conducted experiments to observe how two lineages of Bd, one adapted to cold (4°C) and another to warmth (23°C), produced infectious spores and how active they were in various temperature conditions.
  • Findings indicate that Bd grows slower but remains active longer in cooler temperatures, especially in those lineages adapted to cold, suggesting that Bd's adaptive responses could impact amphibian populations amid climate change.

Article Abstract

Understanding how pathogens respond to changing environmental conditions is a central challenge in disease ecology. The environmentally sensitive fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, has spread globally causing amphibian extirpations in a wide variety of climatic regions. To gain an in-depth understanding of Bd's responses to temperature, we used an integrative approach, combining empirical laboratory experiments with mathematical modeling. First, we selected a single Bd isolate and serially propagated two lineages of the isolate for multiple generations in two stable thermal conditions: 4°C (cold-adapted lineage) and 23°C (warm-adapted lineage). We quantified the production of infectious zoospores (fecundity), the timing of zoospore release, and zoospore activity in reciprocal temperature transplant experiments in which both Bd lineages were grown in either high or low temperature conditions. We then developed population growth models for the Bd lineages under each set of temperature conditions. We found that Bd had lower population growth rates, but longer periods of zoospore activity in the low temperature treatment (4°C) compared to the high temperature treatment (23°C). This effect was more pronounced in Bd lineages that were propagated in the low temperature treatment (4°C), suggesting a shift in Bd's response to low temperature conditions. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which Bd can thrive in a wide variety of temperature conditions, potentially altering the dynamics of chytridiomycosis and thus, the propensity for Bd to cause amphibian population collapse. We also suggest that the adaptive responses of Bd to thermal conditions warrant further investigation, especially in the face of global climate change.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488674PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.334DOI Listing

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