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Neurologic complications in herpes simplex encephalitis: clinical, immunological and genetic studies.
Brain
October 2023
Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) often develop neuronal autoantibody-associated encephalitis (AE) post-infection. Risk factors of AE are unknown. We tested the hypotheses that predisposition for AE post-HSE may be involved, including genetic variants at specific loci, human leucocyte (HLA) haplotypes, or the blood innate immune response against HSV, including type I interferon (IFN) immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Autoimmune Encephalitis Triggered by Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Main Syndrome, Diagnosis, and Treatment].
Brain Nerve
October 2022
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine.
Autoimmune disorders, such as choreoathetosis and abnormal behavior secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), are discussed in this review. These disorders are known to develop without any evidence of HSE relapse, while they respond to immunotherapies such as intravenous corticosteroids. Recent evidence, including a prospective Spanish cohort study of HSE, revealed that autoimmune encephalitis (AE) can be triggered by HSE, which is closely related to several neuronal surface antibodies (NSAs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSydenham's Chorea with Silent Cardiac Lesions, Mimicking.
Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)
November 2021
Department of Pediatrics, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Sydenham's chorea is an uncommon neurological manifestation of rheumatic fever and has many and varied differential diagnosis. It may mimic encephalitis when presents as an isolated feature even when silent cardiac lesions are present. Early diagnosis, treatment and penicillin prophylaxis prevents recurrence and progression of cardiac lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfectious Trigger for Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Case Rep Infect Dis
November 2019
Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection is a common cause of encephalitis (HSVE) in the United States. Post-HSVE development of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies resulting in autoimmune encephalitis is a rare complication, primarily affecting children and young adults. Anti-NMDAR develops 1-4 weeks after HSVE, manifesting as choreoathetosis and/or orofacial dyskinesia in children and psychiatric symptoms in young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis.
Lancet Neurol
September 2018
Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Background: Herpes simplex encephalitis can trigger autoimmune encephalitis that leads to neurological worsening. We aimed to assess the frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of this complication.
Methods: We did a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis.
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