The new JET ITER-like wall (made of beryllium and tungsten) is more fragile than the former carbon fiber composite wall and requires active protection to prevent excessive heat loads on the plasma facing components (PFC). Analog CCD cameras operating in the near infrared wavelength are used to measure surface temperature of the PFCs. Region of interest (ROI) analysis is performed in real time and the maximum temperature measured in each ROI is sent to the vessel thermal map. The protection of the ITER-like wall system started in October 2011 and has already successfully led to a safe landing of the plasma when hot spots were observed on the Be main chamber PFCs. Divertor protection is more of a challenge due to dust deposits that often generate false hot spots. In this contribution we describe the camera, data capture and real time processing systems. We discuss the calibration strategy for the temperature measurements with cross validation with thermal IR cameras and bi-color pyrometers. Most importantly, we demonstrate that a protection system based on CCD cameras can work and show examples of hot spot detections that stop the plasma pulse. The limits of such a design and the associated constraints on the operations are also presented.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4738742 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
November 2022
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
Silicon plates were installed above the inner and outer divertor of the JET with the ITER-like wall (ILW) after the second and third ILW campaigns to monitor dust generation and deposition with the aim to determine the morphology and content of individual particles and co-deposits, including deuterium content. Particular interest was in metal-based particles: Be, W, steel, Cu. Ex-situ examination after two ILW campaigns was performed by a set of microscopy and ion beam methods including micro-beam nuclear reaction analysis and particle-induced X-ray emission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
September 2022
Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, ItalyInstitute for Plasma Science and Technology, National Research Council, Milan 20125, ItalyUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United KingdomPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USAInstitute of Atomic Physics, Magurele-Bucharest 077125, RomaniaLaboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, SpainDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75120, SwedenCEA, IRFM, Saint Paul lez Durance 13115, FranceLaboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP ERM/KMS, Brussels 1000, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, DenmarkJožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, SloveniaDepartment of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, University of Seville, Seville 41012, SpainInstituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, PortugalInstitute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw 01-497, Poland.
A new deuterium-tritium experimental, DTE2, campaign has been conducted at the Joint European Torus (JET) between August 2021 and late December 2021. Motivated by significant enhancements in the past decade at JET, such as the ITER-like wall and enhanced auxiliary heating power, the campaign achieved a new fusion energy world record and performed a broad range of fundamental experiments to inform ITER physics scenarios and operations. New capabilities in the area of fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics were available as a result of a decade long enhancement program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
May 2021
Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Gyrokinetic simulations of turbulence are fundamental to understanding and predicting particle and energy loss in magnetic fusion devices. Previous works have used model collision operators with approximate field-particle terms of unknown accuracy and/or have neglected collisional finite Larmor radius effects. This work moves beyond models to demonstrate important corrections using a gyrokinetic Fokker-Planck collision operator with the exact field-particle terms, in realistic simulations of turbulence in magnetically confined fusion plasmas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
August 2019
CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
Tungsten was chosen as a wall component to interact with the plasma generated by the International Thermonuclear Experimental fusion Reactor (ITER). Nevertheless, during plasma operation tritiated tungsten nanoparticles (W-NPs) will be formed and potentially released into the environment following a Loss-Of-Vacuum-Accident, causing occupational or accidental exposure. We therefore investigated, in the bronchial human-derived BEAS-2B cell line, the cytotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of two types of ITER-like W-NPs (plasma sputtering or laser ablation), in their pristine, hydrogenated, and tritiated forms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
October 2018
EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
Charge-exchange spectroscopy on JET has become particularly challenging with the introduction of the ITER-like wall. The line intensities are weaker and contaminated by many nuisance lines. We have therefore upgraded the instrumentation to improve throughput and allow the simultaneous measurement of impurity and fuel-ion charge exchange by splitting the light between two pairs of imaging spectrometers using dichroic beam splitters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!