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Anatomical Variations of the Vermiform Appendix.

Acta Med Acad

December 2024

Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Research and Education Institute in Biomedical Sciences, Piraeus Athens, Greece.

Objective: The aim of the present work is to systematically review and present the existing literature on anatomical variations of the appendix.

Methods: Detailed research was conducted in the PubMed medical database, using the terms "Appendix" AND "Anatomical variations", and 74 articles were initially revealed. After the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all the non-related articles were excluded, and thus 40 articles were finally selected.

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Introduction: Appendicitis in patients with a sub-hepatic and retroperitoneal position is rare, often leading to delayed diagnosis and management due to its atypical presentation. A high index of clinical suspicion and the use of imaging modalities can improve the outcomes of patients with sub-hepatic appendicitis.

Case Presentation: A 20-year-old male presented with 36 h duration of right-sided abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fever.

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Subhepatic appendicitis is an unusual presentation of acute appendicitis (AA). Similarly, another uncommon condition that resembles AA is appendiceal diverticulitis (AD), which is a rare form of vermiform appendix pathology. It is exceedingly uncommon for the two to occur simultaneously.

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Purpose: The variable positions of the appendix can mislead surgeons and physicians to a wrong diagnosis. When appendicitis happens in subhepatic caecum, it can be misdiagnosed and can lead to severe complications during surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the histomorphometric development of the appendix and caecum and to identify when lymphoid follicles appear in the appendix during fetal life.

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Malrotated subhepatic caecum with subhepatic appendicitis: Diagnostic dilemma: A case report.

Int J Surg Case Rep

October 2024

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, SPHMMC, Ethiopia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is among common surgical emergency. Subhepatic appendicitis is rare and difficult to diagnose and manage. There are few case reports across the world.

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