Vaccination is the most effective method used to reduce the morbidity and mortality of influenza infections. However, as exemplified in the current swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) pandemic, the global manufacturing capacity of influenza vaccines is severely limited. In the present proof-of-concept study, we combined cell substrate selection and antigen engineering with adjuvant development to design a potential pandemic influenza vaccine candidate, in which CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) plus alum was used as a composite adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of insect cell-expressed recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA). Our candidate vaccine was found to be effective in inducing protective humoral as well as cellular immunity in mice and able to protect the immunized mice from related influenza virus challenge. If this candidate vaccine is validated in humans, vaccine development can be started immediately after the release of the first HA sequence of any pandemic influenza virus. Moreover, given the potential of large-scale manufacturing capacity of the recombinant antigen, in combination with the antigen-sparing effect of the composite adjuvant, this technology could be an invaluable asset in the fight against pandemic influenza.
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