The insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 is metabolised extremely rapidly by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Therefore, human DPP-IV is a key regulator involved in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. To simplify the method of producing an inhibitory peptide against DPP-IV, we focused on rice bran (RB) as a source and subjected proteins from defatted RB to enzymatic proteolysis using 2 commercial enzymes. The RB peptides produced with Umamizyme G exhibited 10 times the inhibitory activity as those produced with Bioprase SP. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value of the RB peptides was 2.3 ± 0.1mg/ml. Leu-Pro and Ile-Pro were identified as the inhibitory peptides among the RB peptides produced with Umamizyme G. Ile-Pro was the strongest DPP-IV inhibitor among the 15 Xaa-Pro dipeptides and Pro-Ile tested. Ile-Pro competitively inhibited DPP-IV (K(i)=0.11 mM). Mass spectrometry indicated that the contents of Leu-Pro and Ile-Pro in the RB peptides were 2.91 ± 0.52 μg/mg.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.183 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
November 2024
Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui - University Medical Center, Beirut, LBN.
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. This disease typically affects the elderly and manifests with pruritus and localized or, most commonly, generalized bullous lesions. Numerous studies have established the association between BP and oral antidiabetic agents, particularly dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, diuretics, and certain antibiotics, notably levofloxacin and cephalexin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pharmacother
December 2024
Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt. Electronic address:
Mild cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although currently no disease-modifying treatments for cognitive disorders exist, interest surged in potential neuroprotective effects of newer anti-diabetic drugs. This study investigates the impact of newer anti-diabetic drug classes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) - on cognitive decline in T2D patients on metformin therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Diabetol
December 2024
INSERMU1138-Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris Cite University, Sorbonne University, 75006, Paris, France.
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease and kidney failure are associated with persistent hyperglycaemia and the subsequent development of nephropathy in people with diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with widespread vascular disease affecting both the kidney and the heart from an early stage. However, the risk of diabetic nephropathy in people with type 1 diabetes is strongly genetically determined, as documented in familial transmission studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Anaesth
December 2024
Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. Electronic address:
Background: Hypertension therapy in older adults is often suboptimal, in part because of inadequate suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We hypothesised that distinct endotypes of RAAS activation before noncardiac surgery are associated with increased risk of myocardial injury.
Methods: This was a prespecified exploratory analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN17251494) which randomised patients ≥60 yr old undergoing elective noncardiac surgery to either continue or stop RAAS inhibitors (determined by pharmacokinetic profiles).
Cell Rep
December 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
The human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 induces autophagy in human macrophages. Different post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination, acetylation, and formylation impact LL-37, yet their effect on autophagy remains unknown. Thus, we set out to study how the cellular source could impact PTM of LL-37 and subsequent effects on autophagy initiation.
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