This review presents the recent data on the physiological role of the molecule nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives in the pathogenesis of bacterial and viral infection. Indicated that the effect of NO on individual cells involved in inflammation and immune regulation may be ambiguous, and depends on the cellular environment on the concentration NO and other factors. Thus, the interaction between reactive oxygen and NO derivatives provides a molecular basis for synergy between the respiratory burst and synthesis of NO, which leads to the formation of peroxynitrite, which has powerful bactericidal potential. At the same time production of NO can counteract the oxidant damage to cell membranes by blocking the oxidation of lipids and protect cells from damage, for example, by inhibiting the respiratory burst. Thus, nitrate and oxidative stress observed in pathophysiological states, has a modulating effect on the function of cells and tissues of various organs.
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