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Soluble CD52 mediates immune suppression by human seminal fluid.
Front Immunol
December 2024
School of Biosciences and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Seminal fluid provides for the carriage and nutrition of sperm, but also modulates immunity to prevent allo-rejection of sperm by the female. Immune suppression by seminal fluid has been associated with extracellular vesicles, originally termed prostasomes, which contain CD52, a glycosylated glycophosphoinositol-anchored peptide released from testicular epithelial cells. Previously, we reported that human T cell-derived CD52, bound to the danger-associated molecular pattern protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), suppresses T cell function via the inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-10 (Siglec-10) receptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased levels of thymidine kinase 1 in malignant cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
Biochem Biophys Rep
September 2024
Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose main subtypes are exosomes, microparticles, and apoptotic bodies, are secreted by all cells and harbor biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. They function as intercellular messengers and, depending on their cargo, may have multiple roles in cancer development. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a cell cycle-dependent enzyme used as a biomarker for cell proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicles and glycans: new avenue for biomarker research.
Biochem Med (Zagreb)
June 2024
Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
The investigation of biomarkers is constantly evolving. New molecules and molecular assemblies, such as soluble and particulate complexes, emerged as biomarkers from basic research and investigation of different proteomes, genomes, and glycomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and glycans, complex carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins II: Intercellular Transfer of Matter (Inheritance?) That Matters.
Biomolecules
June 2023
Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) bilayer by covalent linkage to a typical glycolipid and expressed in all eukaryotic organisms so far studied. Lipolytic release from PMs into extracellular compartments and intercellular transfer are regarded as the main (patho)physiological roles exerted by GPI-APs. The intercellular transfer of GPI-APs relies on the complete GPI anchor and is mediated by extracellular vesicles such as microvesicles and exosomes and lipid-free homo- or heteromeric aggregates, and lipoprotein-like particles such as prostasomes and surfactant-like particles, or lipid-containing micelle-like complexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnti-Cancer Role and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles.
Cancers (Basel)
December 2021
Faculty of Clinical Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
Cell-cell communication is an important mechanism in biological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also referred to as exosomes, microvesicles, and prostasomes, are microvesicles secreted by a variety of cells. EVs are nanometer-scale vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer and contain biological functional molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, and proteins.
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