Head lice infestations occur commonly each year in children of all socioeconomic statuses. However, head lice have become more of a nuisance as resistance to first-line agents, such as permethrin 1% and pyrethrins, has increased. Newer topical products provide unique mechanisms of action without current signs of resistance. As with older agents, proper application of products must be emphasized to ensure that treatment is effective. In addition, nonpharmacologic measures should be taken to avoid reinfestation in the patient and to prevent the spread of lice to close personal contacts.
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Bartonella quintana Endocarditis Associated With Head Lice in a Canadian Indigenous Youth.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
December 2024
From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics.
Bartonella quintana is a rare but important cause of culture-negative endocarditis, classically associated with body lice infestation. We report the first known pediatric case of Bartonella quintana endocarditis associated with head lice. The importance of sending targeted testing for this organism in at-risk patients, ideally on tissue specimens, is emphasized.
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- - Bartonella quintana can lead to serious health issues, including endocarditis and chronic infections, and is mainly spread by body lice, particularly in homeless populations.
- - A case study in the U.S. highlighted two kidney transplant recipients who contracted the infection from an organ donor who was homeless; one case was atypical while the other showed mild symptoms.
- - Timely detection and treatment allowed both recipients to recover, emphasizing the importance of assessing organ donors' living conditions, specifically those with a history of homelessness or lice infestations, for potential B. quintana infections in transplant recipients.
Article Synopsis
- Bartonella quintana infection can cause serious health issues like bacillary angiomatosis and culture-negative endocarditis, mainly affecting individuals who are homeless.
- In a study conducted in New York City between January 2020 and November 2023, five cases of left-sided, culture-negative endocarditis were identified in unsheltered homeless persons using molecular methods.
- Most patients had serious complications and a history of body louse exposure, highlighting the need for clinicians to consider housing status and potential lice infestation when diagnosing and treating suspected cases.
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- Louseborne Bartonella quintana infections mainly affect homeless individuals in the U.S. due to poor hygiene resources, and these infections can impact organ transplant recipients.
- The increase in homelessness raises concerns about the transmission of B. quintana through organ donations from former homeless donors.
- To reduce B. quintana transmission, interventions like better housing access, hygiene resources, early treatment of infections, and testing/prophylactic treatments for transplant recipients are necessary.
Prevalence of pediculosis among primary school children in Tunisia.
East Mediterr Health J
September 2024
Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
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- Study aims to investigate head lice prevalence among primary school children in Monastir, Tunisia, due to its global health impact and lack of local research.
- A total of 2396 children from 14 schools were examined, revealing a 17.5% infestation rate, significantly higher in girls (29.1%) compared to boys (6.3%).
- Factors such as crowded living conditions, grade level, and parents' education were linked to higher infestation risk, underlining the need for preventive measures and health programs targeting children and their communities.
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