Chronic action of gravity force of 2 G on pre- and postnatal rats up to day 75 of postnatal development gave rise to ultrastructural deviations in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) suggesting higher afferentation to SSC as compared with their counterparts at 1 g, more intensive synaptic transmission, afferent input by dendrites and neurons functioning with more frequent interneuronic contacts, glia activation and increased blood supply that altogether pointed to a permanent impact of elevated extero- and proprioceptive input throughout the time of SSC formation.
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Background: Hemodynamic signals are the basis of functional brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI and NIRS, and are often used to infer changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Increasing evidence suggests that disruption of neuronal circuits has been associated with the AD continuum and may precede changes in Ab and tau biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. To better understand the changes in brain RSFC through the AD spectrum, we use hemodynamic signals to detect disease onset, progression, and response to therapy in a mouse model of AD.
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December 2024
University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
Background: We have been investigating in vivo astrocytic Ca homeostasis in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake, head-restrained ambulating mice using two-photon technology. Prior results from our lab were obtained in neurons across aging, and in male and female C57Bl6/J mice (Case et al., 2023).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
Background: We have recently published that overexpressing a constitutively active form of the insulin receptor beta subunit (IR-β) in hippocampal neurons ameliorates spatial memory performance in the F344 rat model of aging (Frazier et al., 2020). Because astrocytes express IRs and are central to cellular energy and information transfer in the brain, here we focus on the knockdown of IR in astrocytes of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in the 5xFAD animal model.
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December 2024
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Deficits in interneuron and cholinergic circuits are noted in AD pathology, yet the precise mechanisms of their contribution to cognitive decline in the disease remain elusive. Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), a sensitive marker for synaptic activity and AD progression, is an immediate early gene expressed by pyramidal neurons that functions at excitatory synapses on Parvalbumin interneurons (PV-IN) to cluster AMPA receptors and strengthen circuit inhibition. NPTX2 is later shed from some synapses into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where reduced NPTX2 levels inversely correlate with hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in individuals with AD/MCI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Background: Hemodynamic signals are the basis of functional brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI and NIRS, and are often used to infer changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Increasing evidence suggests that disruption of neuronal circuits has been associated with the AD continuum and may precede changes in Ab and tau biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. To better understand the changes in brain RSFC through the AD spectrum, we use hemodynamic signals to detect disease onset, progression, and response to therapy in a mouse model of AD.
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