Onychotrichodysplasia, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, presents with hypoplastic fingernails, trichorrhexis, chronic neutropenia, and psychomotor retardation. Here, we describe a rare presentation of a child with onycotrichodysplasia associated with intellectual disability, but without neutropenia. He had sparse, short, dry, curly hair, dysplastic nails and intellectual disability. In contrast to cases described earlier, our patient had normal neutrophil count.
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Epilepsia
January 2025
Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark.
Objectives: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) caused by pathogenic variants in SCN8A are associated with difficult-to-treat and early-onset seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability, impaired quality of life, and increased risk of early mortality. High doses of sodium channel blockers are typically used to treat SCN8A-DEE caused by gain-of-function (GoF) variants. However, seizures are often drug resistant, and only a few patients achieve seizure freedom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neurobiol Exp (Wars)
January 2025
Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene is a critical tumor suppressor that plays an essential role in the development and functionality of the central nervous system. Located on chromosome 10 in humans and chromosome 19 in mice, PTEN encodes a protein that regulates cellular processes such as division, proliferation, growth, and survival by antagonizing the PI3K‑Akt‑mTOR signaling pathway. In neurons, PTEN dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol‑3,4,5‑trisphosphate (PIP3) to PIP2, thereby modulating key signaling cascades involved in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and synaptic plasticity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neurobiol Exp (Wars)
January 2025
Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental conditions in humans. While public awareness of the challenges faced by individuals with autism is steadily increasing, the underlying causes of abnormalities observed in ASD remains incompletely understood. The autism spectrum is notably broad, with symptoms that can manifest in various forms and degrees of severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Med Genet A
January 2025
Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine-Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil.
Myhre syndrome is a rare disorder caused by pathogenic gain-of-function variants in the SMAD4 gene. Most of the patients have had de novo variants. There are several instances of autosomal dominant inheritance, and penetrance appears to be complete.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluids Barriers CNS
January 2025
Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Background: Iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency (MPS II; Hunter syndrome) is a disorder that exhibits peripheral and CNS pathology. The blood brain barrier (BBB) prevents systemic enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) from alleviating CNS pathology. We aimed to enable brain delivery of systemic ERT by using molecular BBB-Trojans targeting endothelial transcytosis receptors.
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