The resolution of lithography techniques needs to be extended beyond their current limits to continue the trend of miniaturization and enable new applications. But what is the ultimate spatial resolution? It is known that single atoms can be imaged with a highly focused electron beam. Can single atoms also be written with an electron beam? We verify this with focused electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID), a direct-write technique that has the current record for the smallest feature written by (electron) optical lithography. We show that the deposition of an organometallic precursor on graphene can be followed molecule-by-molecule with FEBID. The results show that mechanisms that are inherent to the process inhibit a further increase in control over the process. Hence, our results present the resolution limit of (electron) optical lithography techniques. The writing of isolated, subnanometer features with nanometer precision can be used, for instance, for the local modification of graphene and for catalysis.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn303793w | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Post-burns persistent inflammation leads to kidney PANoptosis with Caspases pathway activation.
Heliyon
January 2025
Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Background: There is higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in burn patients after hospital discharge; however, the cause remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the lasting impacts of severe burns on the kidneys and to explore potential treatments.
Methods: The study examined the effects of burning on healthy mice and adenine-induced CKD mice.
Design of natural asphalt sulfamic acid (NA-NHSOH) as a scalable natural asphalt-derived heterogeneous Brønsted acid to catalyze multicomponent reactions meeting green chemistry goals.
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran.
This study highlights an innovative approach to catalysis by utilizing natural asphalt as a support material for developing carbon-based catalysts. By leveraging the principles of green chemistry, the research aims to create recyclable and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalytic systems. This aligns with the growing demand for greener technologies and the use of biocompatible materials in chemical processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimizing CsCuBiBr double halide perovskite for solar applications: the role of electron transport layers in SCAPS-1D simulations.
RSC Adv
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Chittagong 4318 Bangladesh
Perovskite solar cells are commonly employed in photovoltaic systems because of their special characteristics. Perovskite solar cells remain efficient, but lead-based absorbers are dangerous, restricting their manufacture. Therefore, studies in the field of perovskite materials are now focusing on investigating lead-free perovskites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of an ethylene-responsive and cell wall-secreting β-1,3-glucanase, VvGLU1, in the early cell regrowth of grape winter buds triggered by exogenous dormancy releasers.
BMC Biol
January 2025
College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Background: Grape (Vitis vinifera) crops encounter significant challenges in overcoming bud endodormancy in warm winter areas worldwide. Research on the mechanisms governing bud dormancy release has focused primarily on stress regulation; however, cell wall regulation of bud meristem regrowth mechanism during the dormancy release remains obscure.
Results: In this study, transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the grape bud cell wall following hydrogen cyanamide (HC) treatment, accompanied by an increase in β-1,3-glucanase activity.
An exploration of RSM, ANN, and ANFIS models for methylene blue dye adsorption using Oryza sativa straw biomass: a comparative approach.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences (AIES), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, 201313, India.
This study focused on simulating the adsorption-based separation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye utilising Oryza sativa straw biomass (OSSB). Three distinct modelling approaches were employed: artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and response surface methodology (RSM). To evaluate the adsorbent's potential, assessments were conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!