Three retinoids of the arotinoid series, namely the free carboxylic acid Ro 13-7410, its ethyl ester Ro 13-6298, and the new arotinoid ethyl sulfone Ro 15-1570, were tested for their embryotoxic and teratogenic activity in rats. The retinoids were administered orally on either day 9 or 13 of gestation. Treatment on day 9 of gestation resulted mainly in malformations of the head and the trunk; whereas, on day 13 limb malformations were prominent. Ro 13-7410 and Ro 13-6298 were about 1000 times more embryotoxic and teratogenic than retinoic acid but induced a similar malformation pattern to retinoic acid. In contrast, the sulfur-containing arotinoid Ro 15-1570 was active at similar dose levels to retinoic acid but caused a peculiar malformation pattern on day 13 of gestation. This finding supports the hypothesis that the arotinoid ethyl sulfone Ro 15-1570 has unique biological properties, inducing no bone toxicity in adult rats and distinctly affecting limb development.
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