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Water lead exposure risk in Flint, Michigan after switchback in water source: Implications for lead service line replacement policy.
Environ Res
February 2020
Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
In February of 2016, the City of Flint, Michigan commenced the FAST start initiative with the aim "to get the lead out of Flint" by replacing lead and galvanized steel service lines throughout the city. An estimated 29,100 parcels are scheduled for service line replacement (SLR) at an expected cost of $172 million. The lead exposure benefits of SLR are evaluated by analyzing Sentinel data on hundreds of repeatedly sampled homes in Flint from February 16, 2016 to July 21, 2017, comparing water lead (WL) in homes with and without lead service lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDoctor, Please Take the Stand: Stress, Duties, and Dangers of Physician Testimony.
J Med Pract Manage
November 2016
Many physicians experience stress and anxiety when they are asked to testify in court or be an expert witness. Handling a barrage of attorney questions under oath can be challenging. And although testifying against a patient who has sued for malpractice is, of course, difficult, testifying against a colleague-for example, in an impairment or patient safety case-can be even worse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing children's competency to take the oath in court: The influence of question type on children's accuracy.
Law Hum Behav
June 2012
Psychology Department, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada.
This study examined children's accuracy in response to truth-lie competency questions asked in court. The participants included 164 child witnesses in criminal child sexual abuse cases tried in Los Angeles County over a 5-year period (1997-2001) and 154 child witnesses quoted in the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYoung Children's Competency to Take the Oath: Effects of Task, Maltreatment, and Age.
Law Hum Behav
April 2010
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
This study examined maltreated and non-maltreated children's (N = 183) emerging understanding of "truth" and "lie," terms about which they are quizzed to qualify as competent to testify. Four- to six-year-old children were asked to accept or reject true and false (T/F) statements, label T/F statements as the "truth" or "a lie," label T/F statements as "good" or "bad," and label "truth" and "lie" as "good" or "bad." The youngest children were at ceiling in accepting/rejecting T/F statements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"The whole truth" versus "the admissible truth": an ethics dilemma for expert witnesses.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law
July 2004
Program in Psychiatry and the Law, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
The expert witness testifies under oath to tell "the whole truth," yet certain aspects of the legal system itself make this ideal difficult or impossible. The authors present both a philosophical and a practical discussion of the challenges for the expert in attaining this goal. After review of oaths in general and truth-telling in particular, real-life examples are provided to examine the vicissitudes of the whole truth in court.
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