A new light illumination scheme to increase imaging depth in photoacoustic (PA) imaging was designed and evaluated by in silico simulations and tested by in vitro experiments. A relatively large portion of the light energy shining into the body of a human reflects off the skin surfaces. Collecting the reflected light and redirecting it onto skin surfaces will increase the effective input energy, resulting in an increase of light penetration depth for the same light source. Its performance in PA imaging was evaluated using a finite element (FE)-based numerical simulation model composed of four modules. In the in vitro experiments with the light catcher, PA image of multiple targets at different locations exhibited an enhancement both in uniformity and in depth of the light illumination.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.022649 | DOI Listing |
Medicine (Baltimore)
January 2025
Emergency Department, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Lianchi District, Baoding City, China.
Background: The performance of quantitative pupillary light reflex (qPLR) and the neurological pupil index (NPi) was used to predict neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest (CA) patients.
Methods: Eligible studies on the ability of the qPLR and NPi to predict neurological outcomes in CA patients were searched from the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases until July 2023. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI), area under the curve, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were analyzed via Stata 14.
J Neurosurg
January 2025
1Service de Neurochirurgie, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy.
Objective: Recent voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have identified a critical region for picture naming, located 3.4 to 6.1 cm from the temporal pole.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
January 2025
Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background: Sepsis, a critical global health challenge, accounted for approximately 20% of worldwide deaths in 2017. Although the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score standardizes the diagnosis of organ dysfunction, early sepsis detection remains challenging due to its insidious symptoms. Current diagnostic methods, including clinical assessments and laboratory tests, frequently lack the speed and specificity needed for timely intervention, particularly in vulnerable populations such as older adults, intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and those with compromised immune systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
January 2025
Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.
Pesticides, including insecticides, are indispensable for large-scale agriculture. Modulating chloride ion channels has proven highly successful as a mode of action (MoA) for insect management. Identifying new ligands for these channels affords opportunities for the potential development of new insecticide products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as a cancer treatment modality due to its potential for enhanced therapy precision and safety. To enhance deep tissue penetration and minimize tissue adsorption and phototoxicity, developing photosensitizers activated by second near-infrared window (NIR-II) light shows significant potential. However, the efficacy of PDT is often impeded by tumor microenvironment hypoxia, primarily caused by irregular tumor vasculature.
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