This paper presents an optical diagnostic technique based on seeded thermographic phosphor particles, which allows the simultaneous two-dimensional measurement of gas temperature, velocity and mixture fraction in turbulent flows. The particle Mie scattering signal is recorded to determine the velocity using a conventional PIV approach and the phosphorescence emission is detected to determine the tracer temperature using a two-color method. Theoretical models presented in this work show that the temperature of small tracer particles matches the gas temperature. In addition, by seeding phosphorescent particles to one stream and non-luminescent particles to the other stream, the mixture fraction can also be determined using the phosphorescence emission intensity after conditioning for temperature. The experimental technique is described in detail and a suitable phosphor is identified based on spectroscopic investigations. The joint diagnostics are demonstrated by simultaneously measuring temperature, velocity and mixture fraction in a turbulent jet heated up to 700 K. Correlated single shots are presented with a precision of 2 to 5% and an accuracy of 2%.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.022118 | DOI Listing |
J Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address:
We have investigated the effect of length and chemical structure of phospholipid tails on the spontaneous formation of unilamellar liposomal vesicles in binary solute mixtures of cationic drug surfactant and zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine phospholipids. Binary drug surfactant-phospholipid mixtures with four different phospholipids with identical headgroups (two saturated phospholipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC, 14:0) and 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC, 16:0), and two unsaturated lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, 18:1) and 1,2-Dierucoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphatidylcholine (DEPC, 22:1)) combined with two different tricyclic antidepressant drugs (amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) and doxepin hydrochloride (DXP)) have been investigated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). We observe a conspicuous impact of phospholipid tail structure on both micelle-to-vesicle transition point and vesicle size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
December 2024
Tianjin University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 92# Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, CHINA.
The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction provides a convenient approach to convert CO2 to CO, which facilitates to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Herein, the Cu/CeO2 catalyst prepared by a co-precipitation method using a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaOH at pH of 10 (sample Cu/CeO2-10) achieved an intrinsic reaction rate of 428.4 mmol•gcat-1•h-1 with 100% CO selectivity at 400 °C and CO2/H2 ratio of 1:4, which is much higher than Cu/CeO2 prepared by impregnation and other methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, India.
Binary ionic melts formed by a protic ionic liquid (PIL) 1,2,4-triazolium methanesulfonate ([TAZ][MS]) dissolved in methanesulfonic acid are studied as non-stoichiometric electrolytes. The composition-driven structure-property relationship of methanesulfonic acid is explored at varying molar fraction ratios from 0/100 to 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70 by the addition of 1,2,4-triazolium methanesulfonate [TAZ][MS] IL. To unveil molecular characteristics of these mixtures of [TAZ][MS] PIL and CHSOH, we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations at varying temperatures from 293 to 303, 363, and 423 K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanchang, China.
Pressure Swing Distillation (PSD) is the only advanced technology that does not require the addition of third components to the system to enhance the separation of azeotropic mixtures. It outperforms homogeneous distillation for separating pressure-sensitive azeotropic mixtures. In this study, we aimed to separate methanol and toluene using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Aspen Plus thermodynamic calculation models to simulate a binary homogeneous azeotropic system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
December 2024
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Through a quantitative analysis of saltiness perception, favorable enzymatic hydrolysis parameters were confirmed for the preparation of saltiness-enhancing peptide mixtures from . The enzymatic hydrolysate was fractionated into four fractions (F1-F4) by gel chromatography, with F3 exhibiting the strongest saltiness-enhancing effect (22% increase). LC-MS/MS analysis of F3 identified 36 peptides, and their secondary structures and interactions with the TMC4 receptor were examined through circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular docking.
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