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Remission from addiction: erasing the wrong circuits or making new ones?
Nat Rev Neurosci
December 2024
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
Chronic relapse is a hallmark of substance-use disorders (SUDs), but many people with SUDs do recover and eventually enter remission. Many preclinical studies in this field aim to identify interventions that can precipitate recovery by reversing or erasing the neuronal circuit changes caused by chronic drug use. A better understanding of remission from SUDs can also come from preclinical studies that model factors known to influence recovery in humans, such as the negative consequences of drug use and positive environmental influences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRight Drug in the Wrong Place: The Effects of Inadvertent Intrathecal Tranexamic Acid.
Cureus
October 2024
Anesthesiology, Unidade Local de Saúde da Região de Aveiro, Aveiro, PRT.
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug widely used to reduce blood loss in major surgeries and trauma patients, thus reducing morbimortality. In recent years, clinical indications for TXA have expanded, including many off-label uses. This broad use has led to an increased incidence of reported side effects and administration errors with serious neurological and cardiovascular outcomes, such as seizures, myoclonus, and arrhythmias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosimilator for Undergraduate Biophysics and Neurophysiology Courses.
J Undergrad Neurosci Educ
August 2024
Laboratoire d'Enseignement de la Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium, 1070.
Stringent animal welfare principles are forcing undergraduate instructors to avoid the use of animals. Therefore, many hands-on lab sessions using laboratory animals are progressively replaced by computer simulations. These versatile software simulations permit the observation of the behavior of biological systems under a great variety of experimental conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn In-depth Exploration of the Interplay between fMRI Methods and Theory in Cognitive Neuroscience.
J Undergrad Neurosci Educ
August 2024
Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been a cornerstone of cognitive neuroscience since its invention in the 1990s. The methods that we use for fMRI data analysis allow us to test different theories of the brain, thus different analyses can lead us to different conclusions about how the brain produces cognition. There has been a centuries-long debate about the nature of neural processing, with some theories arguing for functional specialization or localization (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Many Roles of Precision in Action.
Entropy (Basel)
September 2024
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK.
Active inference describes (Bayes-optimal) behaviour as being motivated by the minimisation of surprise of one's sensory observations, through the optimisation of a generative model (of the hidden causes of one's sensory data) in the brain. One of active inference's key appeals is its conceptualisation of precision as biasing neuronal communication and, thus, inference within generative models. The importance of precision in perceptual inference is evident-many studies have demonstrated the importance of ensuring precision estimates are correct for normal (healthy) sensation and perception.
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