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Molecular Targeting of Ischemic Stroke: The Promise of Naïve and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.
Pharmaceutics
November 2024
Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, with limited therapeutic options available. Despite the success of early interventions, such as tissue-type plasminogen activator administration and mechanical thrombectomy, many patients continue to experience persistent neurological deficits. The pathophysiology of IS is multifaceted, encompassing excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier disruption, all of which contribute to neural cell death, further complicating the treatment of IS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Repair Following Spinal Cord Injury.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) exacerbating damage by allowing harmful substances and immune cells to infiltrate spinal neural tissues from the vasculature. This leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired axonal regeneration. The BSCB, essential for maintaining spinal cord homeostasis, is structurally similar to the blood-brain barrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cells Within Three-Dimensional-Printed Scaffolds Facilitate Airway Mucosa and Bone Regeneration and Reconstruction of Maxillary Defects in Rabbits.
Medicina (Kaunas)
December 2024
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
: Current craniofacial reconstruction surgical methods have limitations because they involve facial deformation. The craniofacial region includes many areas where the mucosa, exposed to air, is closely adjacent to bone, with the maxilla being a prominent example of this structure. Therefore, this study explored whether human neural-crest-derived stem cells (hNTSCs) aid bone and airway mucosal regeneration during craniofacial reconstruction using a rabbit model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of Stable Reference miRNAs for miRNA Expression Analysis in Adult Neurogenesis Across Mouse and Human Tissues.
Cells
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Accurate normalization in miRNA studies requires the use of appropriate endogenous controls, which can vary significantly depending on cell types, treatments, and physiological or pathological conditions. This study aimed to identify suitable endogenous miRNA controls for neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and hippocampal tissues, both of which play crucial roles in neurogenesis. Using small RNA sequencing, we identified the most stable miRNAs in primary mouse NPCs and hippocampal tissues and accessed their stability using NormFinder analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransfer RNA Levels Are Tuned to Support Differentiation During Drosophila Neurogenesis.
Genes (Basel)
December 2024
Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
Background/objectives: Neural differentiation requires a multifaceted program to alter gene expression along the proliferation to the differentiation axis. While critical changes occur at the level of transcription, post-transcriptional mechanisms allow fine-tuning of protein output. We investigated the role of tRNAs in regulating gene expression during neural differentiation in larval brains.
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