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Autistic individuals have described facing unfair or discriminatory treatment across settings, such as in school and at work. However, there have been few studies examining how widespread or prevalent discrimination is against autistic individuals. We aimed to fill that gap by examining how prevalent or common it is for autistic youth to experience discrimination based on race or ethnicity, sexual orientation or gender identity, and health condition or disability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating ADHD medication trial representativeness: a Swedish population-based study comparing hypothetically trial-eligible and trial-ineligible individuals.
Lancet Psychiatry
January 2025
Developmental Evidence synthesis, Prediction, Implementation lab, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Hampshire and Isle of Wight NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA; DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ADHD medications often use strict eligibility criteria, potentially limiting generalisability to patients in real-world clinical settings. We aimed to identify the proportion of individuals with ADHD who would be ineligible for medication RCTs and evaluate differences in treatment patterns and clinical and functional outcomes between RCT-eligible and RCT-ineligible individuals.
Methods: We used multiple Swedish national registries to identify individuals with ADHD, aged at least 4 years at the age of diagnosis, initiating pharmacological treatment between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2019, with follow-up up to Dec 31, 2020.
Loudness of snoring, not apnea-hypopnea index, is associated with hyperactivity behavior in snoring children and adolescents.
Sleep Med
January 2025
Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, F-75019, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Study Objectives: It is unknown whether loudness of snoring or hypoxic burden are related to higher hyperactivity scores in habitually snoring children and whether this effect is impacted by the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). This study investigates the prevalence of hyperactivity in children with habitual snoring and the independent effects of loudness of snoring, as reported by the parents, hypoxic burden and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome's severity (OSAS) on hyperactivity, as measured by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Hyperactivity Index (CPRS-HI).
Methods: Children with habitual snoring aged 3-18 years were recruited for an overnight polysomnography reporting apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and hypoxic burden, acoustic rhinometry, clinical examination and parental questionnaires assessing snoring loudness and CPRS-HI.
Public Health.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos aires, Argentina.
Background: It is common for individuals under the age of 65 to consult neurologists for cognitive complaints ranging from subjective cognitive issues to mood disorders that affect cognitive function. The challenge is rule out attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, other psychiatric causes, and cognitive impairment. In 2020, the Lancet Commission released a report analyzing 12 modifiable risk factors (MRFs) by age group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic Health.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by cognitive deficits (e.g., challenges sustaining attention, distractibility).
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