Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected from 19 April to 17 May in 2009 at Chengdu. The concentrations of organic carbon, element carbon, water-solubility ions, crustal elements and levoglucosan of all particle samples were determined by thermal/ optical carbon analyzer,ion chromatography, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and high performance anion exchange chromatography, respectively. In-situ scattering coefficients (b(sp)) and meteorological parameters for this period were also conducted. Ambient scattering coefficients were reconstructed by IMPROVE formula and compared with measured scattering coefficients. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM2.5 and measured b(sp) were 133.2 microg x m(-3) and 530 Mm(-1), respectively. Levoglucosan and crustal elements were good traces for biomass burning and dust storm events, respectively. The calculated b'sp was 504 Mm(-1) during campaigning period. The major contributors to scattering coefficients included: (NH4)2SO4 (26%), NH4NO3 (15%), OM (53%), FS (4%) and CM (2%), respectively. The calculated b'sp was 575 Mm(-1) and the dominant species were FS (17%) and CM (21%) during dust storm period (DS). The calculated b'sp was 635 Mm(-1) and OM contributed 62% during biomass burning (BB) period.
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Nanotechnology
December 2024
CCTS/DFQM, UFSCar - Campus Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos km 110 - SP-264 Bairro do Itinga - Sorocaba CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, 18052-780, BRAZIL.
Nanomaterials stand out for their exceptional properties and innovative potential, especially in applications that protect against space radiation. They offer an innovative approach to this challenge, demonstrating notable properties of radiation absorption and scattering, as well as flexibility and lightness for the development of protective clothing and equipment. This review details the use of polymeric materials, such as polyimides (PIs), which are efficient at attenuating ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atomic oxygen (AO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
December 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
Accurate Rayleigh and Raman scattering cross sections, tensor components, depolarization ratios, and reversal coefficients for all rovibrational transitions within the X1Σg+ ground electronic state of H2 have been calculated. Raman spectra have been generated using these data. A method for calculating Raman scattering cross sections is formulated that is valid below the ionization threshold and in the region containing resonances, which explicitly accounts for all bound and dissociative vibrational levels of the bound intermediate electronic states and approximately accounts for the ionization continuum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
December 2024
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
Natural single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) such as proteins have inspired research into the formation and application of synthetic SCNPs. Although the latter can mimic general aspects of the self-assembly behavior of their biological counterparts, these systems remain relatively understudied. In this respect, a systematic series of amphiphilic statistical copolymers (ASC) of different molecular weights, with a hydrophilic comonomer (methacrylic acid) and varying hydrophobic comonomer to encompass methacrylates of different hydrophobicity, are synthesized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
The intrinsic temperature dependence of Raman-active modes in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), particularly the radial breathing mode (RBM), has been a topic of a long-standing controversy. In this study, we prepared suspended individual CNTs to investigate how their Raman spectra depend on temperature and to understand the effects of environmental conditions on this dependency. We analyzed the intrinsic temperature dependence of the main Raman-active modes, including the RBM, the moiré-activated R feature, and the G-band in double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) after complete desorption of air.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
December 2024
Department of VLSI Microelectronics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
Knowledge of soil temperature (ST) is important for analysing environmental conditions and climate change. Moreover, ST is a vital element of soil that impacts crop growth as well as the germination of the seeds. In this study, four machine-learning (ML) paradigms including random forest (RF), radial basis neural network (RBNN), multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), and co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) were used for estimation of daily ST at different soil depths (i.
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