[Lifestyles and oral health in Fulani populations of Ferlo in Senegal].

Background: The population of Ferlo consists mainly of Fulani, whose lifestyle is characterized by nomadism and cattle breeding. The aim of this work was to study their dietary, living, and hygiene habits and their oral health.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 300 individuals living in Tessekere and Widou Thiengoli, in the heart of the Great Green Wall of Senegal. These individuals were selected by cluster sampling and had lived in the area for over fifteen years. The 1997 WHO questionnaire was used to collect data from interviews and clinical observations. Information was collected specifically about eating habits, lifestyle and hygiene, dental caries (DMF) and periodontal treatment needs (CPITN). The coefficients of determination and correlation were used to explain and identify significant associations (defined by a p-value <0.05).

Results: Milk was consumed by 96% of the population and tea by 90%;47% of the population smoked more than half a pack of tobacco a day, 11% drank "boulfalé" (Cologne water of 45°), and 88.6% used toothpicks for dental hygiene. Tooth cleaning frequency was negatively correlated with the DMF index and CPITN, and consumption of milk, fruit and cigarettes were positively correlated with the CPITN.

Conclusion: Dietary factors, smoking and hygiene appear to influence the oral health of populations in Ferlo. Prevention programs should be established, focusing on simple information to induce behavioral change.