The immune system is able to respond more vigorously to the second contact with a given antigen than to the first contact. Vaccination protocols generally include at least two doses, in order to obtain high antibody titers. We want to analyze the relation between the time elapsed from the first dose (priming) and the second dose (boost) on the antibody titers. In this paper, we couple in vivo experiments with computer simulations to assess the effect of delaying the second injection. We observe that an interval of several weeks between the prime and the boost is necessary to obtain optimal antibody responses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/842329 | DOI Listing |
Emerg Microbes Infect
December 2024
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
Preventing immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial in vaccine development to ensure broad protection against the virus. Conformational epitopes beyond the RBD region are vital components of the spike protein but have received limited attention in the development of broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, we used a DNA prime-protein boost regimen to evaluate the broad cross-neutralization potential of immune response targeting conformational non-RBD region against SARS-CoV-2 viruses in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A MenABCWY vaccine containing 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM vaccine components has been developed to protect against the five meningococcal serogroups that cause most invasive disease cases.
Methods: In this phase 3 study (NCT04707391), healthy participants aged 15-25 years, who had received MenACWY vaccination ≥4 years previously, were randomized (1:1) to receive two MenABCWY doses six months apart or one MenACWY-CRM dose. Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of MenABCWY 1 month post-vaccination versus MenACWY-CRM, with a lower limit of 2-sided 95% confidence interval above -10% for group differences in 4-fold rise in human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) titers against serogroups ACWY, and to evaluate reactogenicity and safety.
NPJ Vaccines
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Filoviruses, including Ebola, Marburg, Sudan, and Taï Forest viruses, are zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe viral hemorrhagic fever and death. Developing vaccines that provide durable, broad immunity against multiple filoviruses is a high global health priority. In this Phase 1 trial, we enrolled 60 healthy U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), LMA and LMP, were evaluated alone or in combination with a trivalent adenoviral vector-based vaccine (Ad5-YFV) for their efficacy and immune responses in wild type (WT) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) knockout (KO) mice in a C57BL/6 background. While LMA and LMP are triple deletion mutants of CO92 strain, Ad5-YFV incorporates three protective plague immunogens. An impressive 80-100% protection was observed in all vaccinated animals against highly lethal intranasal challenge doses of parental CO92.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLymph node (LN) lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) actively acquire and archive foreign antigens. Here, we address questions of how LECs achieve durable antigen archiving and whether LECs with high levels of antigen express unique transcriptional programs. We used single cell sequencing in dissociated LN tissue and spatial transcriptomics to quantify antigen levels in LEC subsets and dendritic cell populations at multiple time points after immunization and determined that ceiling and floor LECs archive antigen for the longest duration.
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