The effect of the ACTH-fragment 4--10 (30 mg SC) on a mental performance test and on some concomitant cardiovascular changes was investigated in comparison with a placebo in a double blind cross-over study. The subjects were either mainly extraverted or mainly introverted according to Eysenck's 'Maudsley Personality Inventory'. Under the influence of the heptapeptide extraverted subjects achieved a higher total score in the mental task performance with a smaller increase of forearm blood flow and of heart rate than under the influence of the placebo. In contrast, under the influence of the placebo introverted subjects achieved a higher total score in the mental task performance with a smaller increase of forearm blood flow and of heart rate than under the influence of the ACTH-fragment. Personality, therefore, determines to some degree how this centrally acting heptapeptide influences efficiency in the mental task performance and the concomitant cardiovascular changes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492210 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Mental illnesses put a tremendous burden on afflicted individuals and society. Identification of novel drugs to treat such conditions is intrinsically challenging due to the complexity of neuropsychiatric diseases and the need for a systems-level understanding that goes beyond single molecule-target interactions. Thus far, drug discovery approaches focused on target-based in silico or in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) have had limited success because they cannot capture pathway interactions or predict how a compound will affect the whole organism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
January 2025
National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Perinatal depression (PD) is a highly prevalent psychological disorder that has a detrimental effect on infant and maternal physical and mental health, but effective and objective assessment of PD is still insufficient. In recent years, the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been acknowledged as an effective non-invasive tool for clinical assessment of depression. This study proposed a free association semantic task (FAST) paradigm for fNIRS-based assessment of PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
January 2025
Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, GBR.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition marked by persistent distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviours. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms behind OCD remain elusive, and current treatments are limited. This protocol outlines an investigative study for individuals with OCD, exploring the potential of psilocybin to improve key components of cognition implicated in the disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Introduction: Several studies showed that task interruptions at high mental workload moments are more harmful than task interruptions at low mental workload moments. In the present study, we used a theory-driven approach to define the mental workload during primary-task execution and to examine the effects of the interruption timing on primary-task performance.
Methods: Participants performed a primary task comprising a pre-defined sequence of six subtasks, with task interruptions occasionally occurring before the second, third, or fourth subtasks.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because K1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because K1 channels implement a high-pass filter.
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