AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background/aims: Common and long-lasting deficits in decision-making in polysubstance-dependent alcoholics (PSA) reflect neurobiological alterations that define the chronic nature of addiction. These deficits affect goal-directed behavior and might be critical risk factors predicting relapse in PSA.
Methods: The Delay Discounting Task (DDT) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) assessed the delay-discounting and decision-making skills among 37 abstinent PSA.
Results: The findings indicated that IGT but not DDT performances were associated with 3-month abstinence, irrespective of the influence of personality traits and coexistent medications.
Conclusion: The results show that the IGT, which assesses processes that are important in the latter stages of addiction, is ecologically more valid compared to the DDT, which assesses processes important in the early stages. They underline the importance of using neurocognitive measures to identify high relapse risk patients and emphasize the relevance of promoting new treatments.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000339290 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Naltrexone differentially modulates the neural correlates of motor impulse control in abstinent alcohol-dependent and polysubstance-dependent individuals.
Eur J Neurosci
August 2019
Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Identifying key neural substrates in addiction disorders for targeted drug development remains a major challenge for clinical neuroscience. One emerging target is the opioid system, where substance-dependent populations demonstrate prefrontal opioid dysregulation that predicts impulsivity and relapse. This may suggest that disturbances to the prefrontal opioid system could confer a risk for relapse in addiction due to weakened 'top-down' control over impulsive behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute naltrexone does not remediate fronto-striatal disturbances in alcoholic and alcoholic polysubstance-dependent populations during a monetary incentive delay task.
Addict Biol
November 2017
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
There is a concerted research effort to investigate brain mechanisms underlying addiction processes that may predicate the development of new compounds for treating addiction. One target is the brain's opioid system, because of its role in the reinforcing effects of substances of abuse. Substance-dependent populations have increased numbers of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) in fronto-striatal regions that predict drug relapse, and demonstrate disturbances in these regions during the processing of non-drug rewards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol use disorder with and without stimulant use: brain morphometry and its associations with cigarette smoking, cognition, and inhibitory control.
PLoS One
February 2016
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Objective: Little is known about the effects of polysubstance use and cigarette smoking on brain morphometry. This study examined neocortical brain morphometric differences between abstinent polysubstance dependent and alcohol-only dependent treatment seekers (ALC) as well as light drinking controls (CON), the associations of cigarette smoking in these polysubstance users (PSU), and morphometric relationships to cognition and inhibitory control.
Methods: All participants completed extensive neuropsychological assessments and 4 Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Risky Decision-Making but Not Delay Discounting Improves during Inpatient Treatment of Polysubstance Dependent Alcoholics.
Front Psychiatry
September 2013
Psychiatrisch Centrum Broeders Alexianen , Boechout , Belgium ; Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, Universiteit Antwerpen , Antwerp , Belgium ; Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp , Belgium.
Background: High levels of impulsivity, characteristics of addicted patients, are known to be important predictors of relapse. However, so far, little is known about the stability or variability of two main components of impulsivity (delay discounting and decision-making). The present study examined the changes in impulsivity during the first week of an abstinence based, behavioral orientated inpatient treatment program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolysubstance dependent patients display a more utilitarian profile in moral decision-making than alcohol-dependent patients, depressive patients and controls.
Drug Alcohol Depend
October 2013
Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address:
Background: Addiction has been shown to be associated with the endorsement of utilitarian moral judgments. Ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) dysfunction may explain these findings.
Methods: 100 subjects were recruited: 25 polysubstance dependent patients, 25 alcohol dependent patients, 25 patients with major depressive disorders, and 25 normal controls.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!