Examples from Chinese, Thai, and Finnish illustrate why researchers cannot always be confident about the precise nature of the word unit. Understanding ambiguities regarding where a word begins and ends, and how to model word recognition when many derivations of a word are possible, is essential for universal theories of reading applied to both developing and expert readers.
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Clinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Background: Automated analysis of natural speech is emerging as a promising digital biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As speech is a complex process, relying on multiple interacting cognitive functions, fine-grained analysis of speech may have the potential to capture subtle cognitive deficits in the very early stages of AD. Here, we examined the association between amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology and acoustic speech characteristics in a group of cognitively normal Dutch adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Background: South Asian (SA) Americans are underrepresented in US Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research. Despite sharing common languages, SA Americans differ from those in South Asia in education, health-related behaviors, and environmental exposures. NYC/NJ-area SA communities overwhelmingly revealed English-based neuropsychological testing preference given that many speak non-Hindi languages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing serial recall as a measure of artificial grammar learning.
Front Psychol
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Introduction: Implicit statistical learning is, by definition, learning that occurs without conscious awareness. However, measures that putatively assess implicit statistical learning often require explicit reflection, for example, deciding if a sequence is 'grammatical' or 'ungrammatical'. By contrast, 'processing-based' tasks can measure learning without requiring conscious reflection, by measuring processes that are facilitated by implicit statistical learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSequence order resolves ambiguity in a nonlinguistic visual categorization task.
Atten Percept Psychophys
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
When we encounter an unfamiliar word in a sentence, word order can be used to determine the grammatical category to which that word belongs and clarify ambiguity. However, it is unclear whether a similar categorization effect occurs in nonlinguistic contexts. We created three perceptually distinct categories of shape stimuli-rounded (A); squared (B); pointed (C).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond neuropsychological tests: AI speech analysis in PKU.
J Inherit Metab Dis
January 2025
Division of Digital Health, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that leads to high levels of phenylalanine, affecting speech and cognitive function.
- Researchers used the Cookie Theft Picture Task to analyze spontaneous speech from adults with PKU and found significant linguistic differences compared to those without the disorder, despite traditional tests showing no differences.
- Advanced AI analysis identified a new dimension of verbal proficiency correlated with PKU biomarkers, suggesting potential for improved assessments in PKU and other rare diseases through speech analysis.
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