A 13-year-old girl with homozygous sickle cell disease was referred for vision loss in her left eye of 1 year's duration. Clinical findings were consistent with a past retinal arterial occlusion. In the asymptomatic right eye, spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed a severe atrophy of the inner retinal layers of the temporal median raphe; a significant internal carotid stenosis was also present. We hypothesize that specific atrophy of the retinal temporal median raphe resulted from chronic ischemia. The inner layers of the retina are vascularized by terminal vessels and the median raphe can therefore be regarded as a junction territory; its atrophy may represent an ocular equivalent of a silent border zone cerebral infarct.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2012.03.006 | DOI Listing |
Toxicology
December 2024
Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address:
Genistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen with oestrogen-like activity found in many plants. Classified as an endocrine disruptor, GEN is potentially hazardous, particularly during developmental stages. It induces alterations in anxious behaviour, fertility, and energy metabolism, alongside modifications in specific brain circuits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Struct Funct
December 2024
Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter for cognition and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG), which occurs via movement stimulation such as physical activity. Brain 5-HT function changes secondary to aging require further investigation. We evaluated whether aged animals would present changes in the number of 5-HT neurons in regions such as the dorsal (DRN) and median (MRN) raphe nuclei and possible changes in the rate of cellular activation in the DG in response to acute running, as a reduction in 5-HT neurons could contribute to a decline in neuronal activation in the DG in response to physical activity in aged mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHippocampus
January 2025
Institute of Experimental Medicine, HUN-REN, Budapest, Hungary.
My most important contribution to research on the hippocampus was the discovery that certain phylogenetically ancient subcortical nuclei that carry information about motivation, emotions and autonomic state exert their profound effects on hippocampal functions by selectively innervating interneurons. Diverse effects on network activity patterns and plasticity can be achieved via activating or inhibiting these functionally distinct interneuron types. In the following, I will present the series of serendipitous events that prompted me to shift my research interest from the visual cortex and the basal ganglia to the hippocampus and its subcortical control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHippocampus
January 2025
Laboratório de Neurobiologia Do Estresse e da Depressão, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Serotonin (5-HT) has long been involved in response to stress and its effect may be, in part, mediated by 5-HT1a and 5-HT7 receptor subtypes in different brain structures. Both pre- and post-synaptic activation of 5-HT1a receptor, respectively, in the rat median raphe nucleus (MnRN) and hippocampus, lead to adaptation to acute inescapable stressors such as restraint and forced swim. 5-HT7 receptor (5HT7r), a stimulatory G-protein coupled receptor, has also been investigated as a possible candidate for mediating stress response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Anaesth
November 2024
NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Background: Surgery can induce severe neuroinflammation and negative emotional symptoms, such as anxiety-like behaviour. We studied whether reactive astrocytes in the zona incerta (ZI) mediate surgery-induced anxiety in mice.
Methods: Laparotomy under isoflurane 1.
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