Cytochrome P450 enzymes are composed of many isozymes and involved in the biotransformation of both exogenous and endogenous substances. A growing number of studies have found that the P450 enzymes do not always follow the classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but show atypical kinetic behavior, which is also the current research hotspot. In this paper, the category and mechanisms of atypical kinetics of the P450 enzyme were reviewed, providing theoretical basis for the research of enzyme kinetics.
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Ther Adv Drug Saf
December 2024
Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
Background: Aripiprazole and risperidone, widely used atypical antipsychotics, are commonly adjunctively prescribed in clinical practice. When aripiprazole was combined with risperidone, the genotype of drug-metabolizing enzymes and liver impairment may lead to complex pharmacokinetic changes. The Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model can predict the influence of these factors on plasma concentration and optimize dosage regimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKorean J Physiol Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder due to its modulation of dopamine and serotonin receptor systems. While its primary action involves antagonism of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine)A receptors, recent evidence suggests that olanzapine also inhibits 5-HT receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels involved in synaptic transmission in central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study aimed to investigate the action of olanzapine on 5-HT receptor-mediated currents using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKorean J Physiol Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
The 5-hydroxytryptamine type (5-HT) receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel, plays a critical role in synaptic transmission. It has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, could inhibit 5-HT receptor-mediated currents in NCB20 neuroblastoma cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)
December 2024
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
Background: Postural tremor is a common clinical situation. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. However, clinicians often encounter difficulties distinguishing between essential tremor and other etiologies due to overlapping symptoms and atypical features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Radiol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
Objectives: To investigate the capability of morphological and enhancement pattern analysis in contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) to differentiate between benign and malignant papillary breast lesions.
Methods: This study involved 63 patients diagnosed with papillary breast lesions between January 2018 and December 2022. CEM was performed at two time intervals: between 2-3 min (T1, early phase) and 4-5 min (T2, later phase) after the injection of the contrast agent.
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