Familiarity and face processing.

The results of three experiments explore the role of familiarity in face processing. Using the complete-over-part advantage (Experiment 1) and the chimeric faces task (Experiment 2), the results revealed evidence for what may be termed "holistic processing" of unfamiliar, newly learned, and famous faces. Notably, the extent of holistic processing on both tasks was not moderated by the familiarity of the stimuli. Experiment 3 replicated this pattern using a simultaneous chimeric task to rule out a simple explanation through memory demands. Taken together, these three experiments provide robust and convergent evidence to suggest that all faces regardless of familiarity can be processed in a holistic fashion. On the basis of these results, discussion is presented regarding the value of considering different "types" of facial processing over and above a more simple consideration of task difficulty.