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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002824 | DOI Listing |
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Four targets: an enhanced framework for guiding causal inference from observational data.
Int J Epidemiol
December 2024
Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Observational studies play an increasingly important role in estimating causal effects of a treatment or an exposure, especially with the growing availability of routinely collected real-world data. To facilitate drawing causal inference from observational data, we introduce a conceptual framework centered around "four targets"-target estimand, target population, target trial, and target validity. We illustrate the utility of our proposed "four targets" framework with the example of buprenorphine dosing for treating opioid use disorder, explaining the rationale and process for employing the framework to guide causal thinking from observational data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe utilization of microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing for the detection of human herpesvirus-8 in a quaternary care center.
Ther Adv Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Background: Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) can present with cutaneous or extracutaneous manifestations. While violaceous skin lesions characterize cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma, extracutaneous HHV8 is challenging to diagnose due to nonspecific symptoms.
Objectives: We evaluated the role of microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing (mcfDNA NGS) in diagnosing HHV8-related illness.
Characterization of Esocid Herpesvirus 1 (EsHV1) from Europe.
Pathogens
January 2025
Swedish Veterinary Agency, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
During routine sampling of northern pike, a male with circular blue-metallic granular spots mainly located on the head and back was identified. Histological investigations presented multifocally thickened epidermis rich in basophilic large structures with a granulated rim and a dense, non-granulated center. Other organs showed no signs of infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Evaluation of Antibacterial Coatings Against Commonly Found Pathogenic Bacteria in the Environment-Implications for Environmental Safety and Infection Prevention.
Pathogens
December 2024
Graduate Institute of Human Resource and Knowledge Management, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 802561, Taiwan.
Microorganisms, including pathogens that cause skin, respiratory, and urinary tract infections, are widespread in our environment. Despite routine cleaning with bleach and disinfectants, the transmission of pathogens still occurs, leading to potential infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of two coating formulas against common environmental pathogens like , , , , sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Impact of Amniotic Fluid Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, and Metalloproteinase-9 on Preterm Labor: A Narrative Review.
Biomedicines
January 2025
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece.
Background/objectives: Preterm labor is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous research has indicated that an inflammatory response or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity is a pathological condition linked to preterm birth; hence, inflammatory markers such as metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) have been utilized to predict preterm delivery. The identification of reliable biomarkers for early prediction is critical for improving maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.
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