Except for yellow fever and encephalitis B, effective vaccines remain unavailable against most infectious diseases, and prevention is based mainly upon vector control and chemoprophylaxis. The increasing resistance of, respectively, mosquitoes and parasites to insecticides and drugs is thus a matter of great concern. The best approach is to combine chemoprophylaxis and entomoprophylaxis, that is, to use several methods of vector control at different levels to reduce the risk of infection and illness from these infectious diseases.
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