A numerical description of micellization and relaxation to an aggregate equilibrium in surfactant solution with nonionic spherical micelles has been developed on the basis of a discrete form of the Becker-Döring kinetic equations. Two different models for the monomer-aggregate attachment-detachment rates have been used, and it has been shown that the results are qualitatively the same. The full discrete spectrum of characteristic times of micellar relaxation and first relaxation modes in their dependence on equilibrium monomer concentration have been found with using the linearized form of the Becker-Döring kinetic equations. Overall time behavior of surfactant monomer and aggregate concentrations in micellization and relaxation at large initial deviations from final equilibrium has been studied with the help of nonlinearized discrete Becker-Döring kinetic equations. Comparison of the computed results with the analytical ones known in the limiting cases from solutions of the linearized and nonlinearized continuous Becker-Döring kinetic equation demonstrates general agreement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737130 | DOI Listing |
Med Gas Res
January 2025
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
Xenon gas is considered to be a safe anesthetic and imaging agent. Research on its other potentially beneficial effects suggests that xenon may have broad efficacy for treating health disorders. A number of reviews on xenon applications have been published, but none have focused on substance use disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14-gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis via the 2e oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered as a cost-effective and safe alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. However, in more practical environments, namely, the use of neutral media and air-fed cathode environments, slow ORR kinetics and insufficient oxygen supply pose significant challenges to efficient HO production at high current densities. In this work, mesoporous B-doped carbons with novel curved BC active sites, synthesized via a carbon dioxide (CO) reduction using a pore-former agent, to simultaneously achieve excellent 2e ORR activity and improved mass transfer properties are introduced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
January 2025
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
Nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)) is considered to be one of the most promising electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) under alkaline conditions due to its flexible structure, wide composition and abundant 3D electrons. However, its slow electrochemical reaction rate, high affinity for the reaction intermediate *COOH, easy exposure to low exponential crystal faces and limited metal active sites that seriously hinder the further improvement of UOR activities. Herein it is reported electrocatalyst composed of rich oxygen-vacancy (O) defects with amorphous SeO-covered Ni(OH) (O-SeO/Ni(OH)).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
January 2025
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Coacervation is generally treated as a liquid-liquid phase separation process and is controlled mainly by thermodynamics. However, kinetics could make a dominant contribution, especially in systems containing multiple interactions. In this work, using peptides of (XXLY)SSSGSS to tune the charge density and the degree of hydrophobicity, as well as to introduce secondary structures, we evaluated the effect of kinetics on biphasic coacervates formed by peptides with single-stranded oligonucleotides and quaternized dextran at varying pH values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
January 2025
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
Inducing magnetic ordering in a non-ferrous layered double hydroxides (LDHs) instigates higher spin polarization, which leads to enhanced efficiency during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In nano-sized magnetic materials, the concept of elongated grains drives domain alignment under the application of an external magnetic field. Hence, near the solid electrode interface, modified magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) positively impacts the electrocatalytic ability of non-ferrous nanocatalysts.
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