AI Article Synopsis
- The study analyzes the circulation of wild-type 1 poliovirus in Ghana from 1995 to 2008, particularly after a surveillance system was established for monitoring poliovirus cases.
- Findings revealed that the prevalence and spread of the virus were significantly influenced by the effectiveness of global eradication efforts and the quality of vaccination campaigns.
- While indigenous wild-type poliovirus transmission was eliminated by 1999, gaps in immunization led to importation of the virus in 2003 and 2008, but these outbreaks were controlled once vaccination efforts resumed, highlighting the potential for polio eradication in Central West Africa with proper strategies.
Article Abstract
Described in detail is the molecular epidemiology of wild-type 1 poliovirus circulation in Ghana between 1995-2008, following the implementation of a surveillance system for cases of acute flaccid paralysis and poliovirus infection. Molecular phylogenetic analysis combined with a detailed evaluation of epidemiological indicators revealed that the geographical and temporal circulation of wild-type poliovirus in Ghana was determined by the quality of the implementation of global eradication strategies. The transmission of "indigenous" wild-type 1 poliovirus was eliminated in 1999. However, a drastic reduction in national immunization campaigns resulted in the importation in 2003 and 2008 of wild-type 1 poliovirus from neighboring countries. Both outbreaks were promptly interrupted following resumption of immunization activities. The results detailed here provide scientific evidence that supports the feasibility of polio eradication in Central West Africa, one of the remaining endemic areas for the disease, provided that comprehensive immunization campaigns and sensitive surveillance systems are in place.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis474 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Antisera-Neutralizing Capacity of a Highly Evolved Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus from an Immunodeficient Patient.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Industrial Transformation, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China.
Article Synopsis
- The serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) can revert and lead to vaccine-derived poliovirus, posing a threat to eradication efforts, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
- A study analyzed changes in specific amino acids within the virus's structure that affect its ability to be neutralized by immune serum from vaccinated individuals.
- The findings indicate that mutations in the virus significantly reduce the effectiveness of antibodies, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of immunocompromised populations and maintaining high vaccination rates in these communities.
Poliovirus circulation in the WHO European region, 2015-2022: a review of data from WHO's three core poliovirus surveillance systems.
Lancet Reg Health Eur
December 2024
Microbiology Services, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London, United Kingdom.
Background: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has drastically reduced the global incidence of poliomyelitis since its launch in 1988 thanks to effective vaccines and strong global surveillance systems. However, detections of wild-type as well as vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) still occur, also in the WHO European Region. This study aims to describe the poliovirus detection via the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), clinical enterovirus, and environmental surveillance systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy of Virucidal Treatments against Poliovirus Type 1 Deposited on Stainless-Steel Carriers.
Microorganisms
September 2024
Microbac Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, VA 20164, USA.
Safe containment of infectious poliovirus (PV) within Poliovirus-Essential Facilities (PEFs) will require the implementation of reliable PV-inactivation approaches for decontaminating work surfaces. Such approaches should be demonstrated empirically to display adequate efficacy at the use temperature, and the contact times required should be characterized to ensure efficacy. Such efficacy is judged by the ability of the inactivation approach to completely inactivate any PV deposited, with the demonstrated total log reduction in PV titer being as high as empirically achievable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeographic information system and information visualization capacity building: Successful polio eradication and current and future challenges in the COVID-19 era for the World Health Organization's African region.
PLoS One
August 2024
World Health Organization-Regional Office for Africa, Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
Despite a half-century-long global eradication effort, polio continues to have a devastating impact on individuals and communities worldwide, especially in low-income countries affected by conflict or geographic barriers to immunization programs. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) employs disease surveillance and vaccination campaigns coordinated through the WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) Geographic Information System (GIS) Centre. Established in 2017, the AFRO GIS Centre played a key role in the eradication of wild-type polioviruses (WPVs) in 2020, but the COVID-19 pandemic, emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, and transmission of WPV1 from Central Asia have led to a resurgence of polio in Sub-Saharan Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!